基于GPRS的移动式农田信息智能服务系统通信协议

移动式智能服务信息系统中,远程无线网络通信协议至关重要,担负着远程主机和移动终端之间进行信息交换和实现信息同步的功能。由于农田信息复杂多样,无法设计出通用的网络传输协议,必须根据实际应用中具体的需求而制定,因此该文提出了基于TCP/IP远程农田网络通信协议。利用此协议,移动式智能服务信息系统实现了远程主机对移动终端PDA的有效管理,实现了远程主机与无线移动终端之间的信息无缝连接,为实现对农田土壤水分、温度等数据的监控奠定基础。     

Carbon flux and growth in mature deciduous forest trees exposed to elevated CO2

Whether rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations will cause forests to grow faster and store more carbon is an open question. Using free air CO2 release in combination with a canopy crane, we found an immediate and sustained enhancement of carbon flux through 35-meter-tall temperate forest trees when exposed to elevated CO2. However, there was no overall stimulation in stem growth and leaf litter production after 4 years. Photosynthetic capacity was not reduced, leaf chemistry changes were minor, and tree species differed in their responses. Although growing vigorously, these trees did not accrete more biomass carbon in stems in response to elevated CO2, thus challenging projections of growth responses derived from tests with smaller trees.     

大田地下滴灌土壤水分分布均匀度评价方法

灌水均匀度是评价灌水质量的重要指标,灌水后的土壤水分分布均匀度是灌水均匀与否的最终体现。选择最佳的土壤水分取样点数是进行经济、准确评价灌水后土壤水分分布均匀度的基础。在新疆地下滴灌棉田中,灌水后2 d（土壤水分相对稳定）进行取样,实测田间土壤水分分布,抽样分析了样本数与土壤水分分布特征及均匀度之间的关系。结果表明,随样本数的增加,对应的土壤水分布均匀系数（克里斯琴森均匀系数Cu）的变幅缩小,并向其均值集中。从样本数量上分析,样本数在15到60之间,其Cu的均值变化并不明显;在试验条件下,进行大田土壤水分监测评价时,均匀分布的取样点个数应不少于24个。Cu和配水均匀度（Du）之间存在较好的相关性,但用实测结果得出的系数与相关手册的推荐值之间存在一定的偏差,互算时需加以考虑。采用均匀25点取样,对大田棉花地下滴灌的土壤水分分布状况进行了评价。结果表明,地下滴灌条件下,毛管附近的土层土壤含水率变幅最大;与上、下土层相比,灌水前毛管附近（20～40 cm）处的土壤水分均匀度较低,灌水后其均匀度大幅提高。     

Modulation of porcine biotransformation enzymes by anthelmintic therapy with fenbendazole and flubendazole

Fenbendazole (FEN) and flubendazole (FLU) are benzimidazole anthelmintics often used in pig management for the control of nematodoses. The in vivo study presented here was designed to test the influence of FLU and FEN on cytochrome P4501A and other cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and several carbonyl reducing enzymes. The results indicated that FEN (in a single therapeutic dose as well as in repeated therapeutic doses) caused significant induction of pig CYP1A, while FLU did not show an inductive effect towards this isoform. Some of the other hepatic and intestinal biotransformation enzymes that were assayed were moderately influenced by FEN or FLU. Strong CYP1A induction following FEN therapy in pigs may negatively affect the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of FEN itself or other simultaneously or consecutively administered drugs. From the perspective of biotransformation enzyme modulation, FLU would appear to be a more convenient anthelmintic therapy of pigs than FEN.     

Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in winter wheat varieties

Summary In Hungary the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is the most frequent aphid species in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Estimations of infestation by R. padi as well as measurements of grain yield and thousand-kernel mass were carried out in 26 winter wheat genotypes in conditions of naturally infested and not infested (protected) control plots. The experiment was performed in isolated conditions in two field cages covered by nets. The aphids overwintered on wheat and got into cage, extremely quickly multiplied, therefore there was no need to apply any artificial aphid infestation. Highly significant differences were demonstrated among genotypes in infestation severity of R. padi as well as in losses of grain yield and thousand-kernel mass. The most resistant variety GK Zombor had 25% infestation, and the most susceptible one GK Lili had 79.2%. The reduction of grain yield of the most tolerant genotypes (GK Korány, Downy, Mv 4, Jubilejnaja 50, Mv 8, GK Kincsö and GK Zombor) was 26–33%, and that of thousand-kernel mass was 23–30%. The most sensitive genotypes (GK Lili, GK Örzse, GK Koppány and Mv 13) suffered 58–63% losses in yield, and 40–50% in thousand-kernel mass. A close correlation was found between infestation of R. padi in different wheat genotypes and losses of grain yield (r=0.7572, P<0.001). Also there were tolerance differences among genotypes even within the same level of infestation. The reductions of thousand-kernel mass correlated very closely with the reductions of grain yield (r=0.9212, P<0.001), that makes screening possible by reductions of thousand-kernel mass. These results have found application in breeding. The leaf pubescence of the varieties studied did not generally influence the infestation by R. padi.     

Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic examination of clinically healthy, conscious ferrets

Objectives : To assess the feasibility of performing electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography on conscious ferrets and to establish reference values for this species under these conditions. Methods : End‐systolic and end‐diastolic left ventricular (LV) diameters, LV and interventricular septal thicknesses were measured by M‐mode echocardiography, while left atrial, aortic and pulmonary trunk diameters were determined by two‐dimensional echocardiography in 46 ferrets. In some animals the maximum velocities of blood flow in the aorta and the pulmonary trunk were also measured by spectral Doppler. ECG examinations were performed by using limb leads both in right lateral recumbency and in the so‐called “hanging” position. In the course of the ECG examinations (n=43), the occurrences, directions, durations and amplitudes of the P, QRS and T waves and the duration of the PR‐ and QT intervals were recorded for all six leads. Results : ECG and echocardiography were successfully performed on non‐sedated ferrets in 90 and 96% of the cases, respectively. Males were significantly heavier and had larger cardiac dimensions compared to females. Clinical Significance : Performance of both echocardiography and ECG are feasible techniques in conscious ferrets, and reference values are now available for future comparisons.     

高山草原绵羊放牧生态及消化代谢的研究：Ⅰ放牧绵羊嗜食性研究

利用植物显微技术镜检法和食道瘘管法对放牧绵羊采食的高山草原植物成分与嗜食性指数进行分析。结果表明,绵羊在黄草期采食植物成分比青草期多,其嗜食性指数在不同时期变幅较大,随着冬季来临,绵羊对草地植物的嗜食性不如青草期强烈,至某些植物嗜食性是相对稳定的。     

Reproductive seasonality in Saanen goats kept under tropical conditions

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study aimed to verify the reproductive seasonality in Saanen goats from distinct parity orders (nulliparous, primiparous, and pluriparous) throughout an...     

Porcine salivary analysis by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis in 3 models of acute stress: A pilot study

The purpose of this research was to study changes in the salivary proteome of healthy pigs in stressful situations to identify any potential new salivary biomarker of stress. Three groups of animals were subjected to 3 stress models: snaring restraint followed by simulated sampling of vena cava blood; brief transport by road; and restriction of movement in a digestibility cage. Saliva was obtained from each animal before and 15 and 30 min after the induction of stress. The samples from the animals that showed the greatest increase in salivary cortisol concentration were pooled and run on 2-dimensional gels. Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 was used for spot detection and mass spectrometry for spot identification. Statistical analyses showed that 2 proteins had significant differences in expression before and after the induction of stress. These proteins were identified as odorant-binding protein and fragments of albumin. Further studies will be necessary to confirm the value of using these proteins as salivary biomarkers of stress in pigs.