一种高质量天门冬基因组DNA提取方法

针对天门冬[Asparagus cochinchinensis(Lour.)Merr.]成熟叶片富含多糖、多酚、蛋白质及其他次生代谢物质的特点,采用改良CTAB法对其基因组总DNA进行提取,并对DNA进行质量检测。结果表明,改良CTAB法可从天门冬成熟叶片中获得纯度高、完整性好的总DNA,其OD260 nm/OD280 nm为1.86,OD260 nm/OD230 nm为2.36,浓度为390μg/mL,产率达11.7μg/g,多糖、多酚和RNA杂质被去除干净,无降解现象,说明该方法提取的天门冬基因组总DNA质量较高。     

子午岭黑山羊与辽宁绒山羊产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量比较

1990年,甘肃省庆阳市开始引入辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊进行杂交改良,但目前尚不清楚2个品种在脂肪酸含量、肌肉营养成分等方面的差异,影响了杂交改良效果。试验旨在分析两个绒山羊品种的产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量差异,为绒山羊的杂交改良提供理论依据。本研究选取相同饲养管理条件下、9月龄的子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊公羊各5只,测定其屠宰性能以及背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌处的肉品质、脂肪酸含量和肌肉营养成分。结果表明：子午岭黑山羊的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值、剪切力和滴水损失低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但其肌肉的平均亮度值、色度值、pH₁和pH₂₄高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。营养成分测定结果表明,子午岭黑山羊肌肉的水分和粗灰分含量高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但肌内脂肪和粗蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊。在2个山羊品种的肌肉中均检测到11 种饱和脂肪酸（SFA,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主）、10种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA,以亚油酸和顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸为主）和6种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA,以油酸为主）,子午岭黑山羊肉中的SFA、PUFA、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA含量和PUFA/SFA值均高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）,但MUFA含量低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊有更高的产肉力,但子午岭黑山羊肌肉品质和营养成分更佳,脂肪酸组成和含量更符合人类健康膳食标准。     

Genetic characterization, pathogenicity, and protection studies with an avian adenovirus isolate associated with inclusion body hepatitis

An avian adenovirus (AAV) was isolated from liver samples of two 2-wk-old broiler-breeder flocks obtained from grandparents vaccinated at 10 and 17 wks of age with an autogenous inactivated vaccine containing the European AAV 8 (8565 strain) and 11 (1047 strain) serotypes (AAV8/11 vaccine). Affected broiler-breeders exhibited clinical signs and macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The isolated adenovirus, identified as Stanford, was molecularly characterized as European serotype 9. The pathogenicity of the Stanford strain was confirmed after inoculation of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 1-7 days of age, causing 100% and 20% mortality, respectively. The level of protection against IBH was evaluated in two broiler-breeder progenies from AAV 8/11-vaccinated grandparent flocks and a commercial broiler flock by challenge at 1 or 7 days of age with the AAV 8 and 11 serotypes and/or the Stanford strain. The broiler-breeder progenies and the commercial broiler flock exhibited protection against IBH after challenge. No significant differences in mean body weights were observed at 3 wk of age in any of the evaluated groups. We conclude that broiler-breeder progenies from 30- to 50-wk-old grandparents vaccinated with the AAV 8/11 vaccine were adequately protected against challenge with the AAV 8 and 11 serotypes and the Stanford strain.     

外源ACC通过激活乙烯合成及信号转导诱导小豆抗锈性

大量研究表明, 乙烯可激发植物对死体营养型真菌的抗性, 但我们前期研究发现, 乙烯合成前体ACC可提高小豆对活体营养型真菌——锈菌的抗性, 为初步明确其机制, 本研究分析了ACC处理对小豆乙烯合成及信号转导的影响, 结果表明, ACC处理显著提高了乙烯合成基因VaACS1及信号通路关键基因VaEIN2?VaEIN3?VaERF5的表达水平?此外, ACC处理后再接种锈菌, 小豆锈病的发病程度显著降低?对接种锈菌后不同时间VaPR2和VaPR4的表达分析表明, 相比ACC处理后不接种对照, ACC处理后再接种锈菌的处理, 接种后1~5 d这两个基因表达量显著升高; 与水处理不接种锈菌相比, 水处理接种锈菌5~8 d后VaPR2和VaPR4的表达量虽显著上调, 但应答时间较ACC处理滞后, 且总体表达水平低, 表明ACC激活乙烯通路进而诱导防卫反应基因上调表达是其诱导小豆抗锈性的关键?     

Effect of soil water osmotic potential on growth and water relationships in barley during soil water depletion

Summary Barley plants (Hordeum distichum, L., cv. Zita) grown in a sandy soil in pots were adjusted during a pretreatment period of 5 days to three levels of soil water osmotic potential by percolating 61 of a nutrient solution with additional 0, 22.3 and 44.6 mM KCl. A drying cycle was then started and the plants were harvested when the soil water matric potential had decreased to –1.4 MPa, respectively 6, 7 and 8 days later.No significant differences in dry matter yields, transpiration coefficients and wilting percentages were found between treatments.During the drying cycle leaf water potential ( _l ) decreased concomitantly with decrease in soil water potential ( _s ) with almost constant and similar differences ( _l – _s ) for all treatments despite differences in levels of potentials. The concomitant decrease in leaf osmotic potential () was due partly to dehydration (58%) and partly to increase in leaf solute content (42%) independent of treatment. The part of total osmotic solutes due to K decreased relatively during the drying cycle.Close relationships were found between and _l as functions of relative water content (RWC). Identical curves for the two levels of salt treatment agree with similar concentrations of K, Cl, and ash found for salt treated plants indicating that maximum uptake of macro nutrients may have been reached.During the main part of the drying cycle the turgor potential as function of RWC was higher and decreased less steeply with decreasing RWC in the salt treated than in the non-salt treated plants.In the beginning of the drying cycle additions of KCI lowered the transpiration rates of the salt treated plants resulting in a slower desiccation of the soil and hence an increased growth period. A delay in uptake from a limited soil water supply may be advantageous during intermittent periods of drought.     

基于灰水足迹的长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空分异特征

长江经济带面临水生态环境污染制约下的农业发展困境,水环境约束下耕地利用生态效率的提升成为平衡耕地利用中经济效益与生态效益的关键手段,对于探索生态可持续的耕地利用模式、实现农业绿色发展具有重要意义。该研究以灰水足迹为视角,基于SBM-Undesirable模型、空间自相关分析及马尔可夫链模型探明2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空格局及演变趋势。研究表明：1）长江经济带2000—2020年平均灰水足迹值呈现先增后减趋势,2015年后下降态势更为明显。在空间上呈现为“东西高,中部低”的空间分布特征,灰水足迹高值区域主要集中在粮食主产区省份。2）2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率持续下降,效率均值处于0.5～0.8之间,存在较大提升空间。在空间上呈现高值区域多沿水系分布的特点。3）长江经济带市域耕地利用生态效率存在显著空间正相关性,以研究时段演变趋势来看,耕地利用生态效率的演进存在路径依赖,难以实现“跨越式”提升。因受到邻域背景影响,在空间上易显现出“俱乐部收敛”现象,“高-高集聚”与“低-低集聚”分布更为常见。可在农业生产重点区域采用差异化精准农业模式,需重视区域间动态协同发展,完善联防联治的面源污染防控机制,积极引导耕地利用生态效率高值区域逐步形成集中连片,同时对于耕地利用生态效率低效区提供财政与政策支持。研究结果可为各地区探索耕地利用可持续发展模式与农业生产活动中水生态环境保护提供参考依据。     

多元酸性土壤调理剂在辣椒上的施用效果研究

辣椒施用由碱渣与城市污泥配制而成的多元酸性土壤调理剂的盆栽试验结果表明:辣椒施用多元酸性土壤调理剂后,消除了土壤酸性的主要障碍,植株根系活力增强,椒果产量和品质显著提高,与不施土壤调理剂处理相比,土壤的pH值提高0.69、盐基饱和度(CEC)提高33.18%、有效Al降低40.39%,辣椒的株高增加32.38%、产量增加133.63%、果实维生素C含量增加264.35%、根系活力增加69.63%,植株的Ca和Mg累积量分别提高183.50%和123.61%.研究结果还表明,多元酸性土壤调理剂的肥效等同或优于"田师傅"土壤调理剂.     

基于隧道式发酵金针菇菌渣的双孢蘑菇培养料制备分析

采用隧道发酵技术,以金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)菌渣为原材料,进行双孢蘑菇培养料的制备.通过一次及二次隧道发酵的工艺控制,检测堆制过程中温度、含水量、pH及电导率等理化成分的变化,并结合出菇结果评价金针菇菌渣培养料的使用情况.结果表明,金针菇菌渣在隧道一次发酵过程中最高温可达74℃以上,整个发酵...