乙矮合剂对不同密度夏玉米花粒期叶片氮素同化与早衰的影响

为探讨乙矮合剂调控夏玉米氮素同化和防止后期早衰的生理机制,为建立华北夏玉米区密植高产稳产化学调控技术提供理论依据,2013—2014年在中国农业科学院新乡试验站,以中单909和浚单20为材料,设置乙矮合剂(ECK)和密度梯度处理,研究密度梯度对花后玉米穗位叶氮同化特征和早衰的影响,以及ECK的化学调控效应。结果表明,灌浆期(花后0~40 d),穗位叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性随密度增加而显著下降;灌浆后期(花后30~40 d),谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性随种植密度增加而显著降低。穗位叶叶绿素相对含量、可溶性蛋白含量和游离氨基酸含量在灌浆中后期(花后20~40 d)随种植密度增加而显著降低;两品种产量在7.5万株hm–2密度达最大值,7.5~10.5万株hm–2密度群体产量下降,高密群体易发生早衰。ECK处理显著提高了各密度群体灌浆中后期(花后20~40 d)穗位叶NR活性、GS活性、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量;显著提高了高密群体(7.5~10.5万株hm–2)GOT活性和GPT活性;较高密群体下(7.5~10.5万株hm–2),中单909和浚单20较各自对照的增产幅度分别为5.59%~6.63%和6.73%~8.10%。ECK处理提高了高密群体夏玉米穗位叶片氮代谢关键酶活性及其产物含量,保证密植群体氮代谢正常进行,有效防止早衰及提高产量。综上所述,采用合理的种植密度并结合喷施乙矮合剂可作为华北夏玉米区高产栽培的重要技术措施。     

获得抗稻瘟病和纹枯病的转多基因水稻

将多个抗真菌病基因连同筛选基因hpt一起导入一水稻品种中，共获得49个独立的整合有1～4个抗真菌病基因的转基因植株系。转基因植株中几丁质酶的酶活均高于非转化对照植株，且转多个几丁质酶基因或与β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因一起的转基因植株较转单个几丁质酶基因的植株有更高的酶活性。抗病试验表明，这些不同组合的R2代转基因     

Development and characterization of common wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation lines with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus

We developed some wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines,Yw642, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., showing good BYDV resistance from L1by induced homoeologous pairing using CS ph mutant. Characterization ofthese wheat lines was carried out by GISH and RFLP analysis. The resultsof GISH showed that the lines, YWw42, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., arehomozygous wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines, in which thechromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to thedistal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that thetranslocation chromosome of the wheat lines is T7DS · 7DL-7XL. Thebreakpoint of the translocation is located on the distal end of 7DL, betweenXpsr965 and Xpsr680 about 90–99 cm from the centromere. The BYDVgene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680, Xpsr687 andXwg380. The RFLP markers of psr680, psr687 and wg380 werecosegregated with the BYDV resistance respectively and could be used formolecular assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding program for BYDVresistance.     

基于声学原理的小麦虫蚀粒检测方法研究

针对目前小麦虫蚀粒检测工作强度大、检测速度慢及准确度低等缺点,给出了一种基于声学原理的小麦虫蚀粒检测方法.首先,利用自制声音信号采集装置采集小麦籽粒撞击金属靶子产生的超声信号;然后,进行预处理,对预处理后的信号进行傅里叶变换,提取相关特征;最后,以提取的特征作为BP神经网络的输入对虫蚀粒进行分类检测.对虫蚀粒和完善粒各30个样本的测试结果表明:这些声学特征对虫蚀粒正确检测率达到90％,完善小麦识别粒率为93％,对小麦总体的判别精度达到91.5％.     

泵站微机数据采集系统接地问题的探讨

由于泵站内干扰源众多、设备复杂、干扰频率范围宽．为使泵站微机数据采集系统可靠运行，必须采取防干扰或抑制措施。系统地描述了泵站微机数据采集系统的接地要求．提出增强系统抗干扰能力和电磁兼容性的实施方案．归纳出具体施工过程中切实可行的接地措施。     

潜水电泵在坡地喷灌工程中的应用前景

本文在分析南方坡地灌溉工程特点的基础上，阐述了坡地喷灌工程选用潜水电泵的优势，并通过一个典型喷灌工程不同泵型及泵站设计方案的对比，探讨了潜水电 泵在坡地喷灌工程应用的可行性及其有待解决的技术问题。     

固定式喷灌系统喷头经济压力的研究

在能源危机的冲击下，节能已成为广大喷灌工作者共同关心的问题。降低喷灌系统工作压力是节能的主要方法之一，而喷头的工作压力与喷灌系统工作压力紧密相关。本文提出了固定式喷灌系统喷头经济压力的概念及其确定方法，并将此法运用到实例中。在选择经济、合理的喷头及其经济工作压力方面做了有意义的探讨。     

Development of an irrigation regime for winter wheat to save water resources by avoiding irrigation at anthesis stage

Latest published information is limited on agronomic responses of winter wheat to irrigation quantity and the necessity of irrigation at the anthesis stage. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate winter wheat yield, water use, assimilate redistribution and economic benefit with respect to water input and (2) quantify relationship between water input and yield to develop a standard for withholding irrigation at anthesis. A 4-year long field experiment was conducted to evaluate winter wheat water use, yield formation pathway and farmers' income under three irrigation regimes: rainfed, irrigation at sowing and jointing (SJ-W) and irrigation at sowing, jointing and anthesis (SJA-W). The yield formation pathway was correlated with the water-induced variation in assimilate redistribution and accumulation. Throughout the experimental period, wheat yield was 19–38% lower in rainfed than that under other irrigation treatments. Moreover, SJ-W treatment substantially increased biomass accumulation at anthesis, accelerated assimilate redistribution in vegetative organs and eventually resulted in a similar wheat yield to that of SJA-W. Simultaneously, the SJ-W treatment had lower irrigation water, reduced additional irrigation cost, suppressed yield loss and obtained a similar farmer's net income to the SJA-W treatment. Water-induced variations in yield were determined by irrigation, rainfall and soil water storage. SJ-W plots receiving 204–331 mm water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and holding 549–587 mm soil water during anthesis stage achieved higher irrigation water use efficiency and yield relative to the rainfed and SJA-W plots. In contrast, water input under rainfed plots exceeded 200 mm before anthesis, limiting yield substantially even when seasonal soil water consumption exceeded 160 mm. Developing a standard for withholding irrigation at the anthesis stage should incorporate 204–331 mm of water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and 549–587 mm soil water storage at anthesis, which could achieve a high wheat yield and save water resources.     

Compounding and Properties of ConcretePumping Admixture

The compounding principle,methods and properties of concrete pumping admixture had been studied.An excellent pumping admixture was made up by use of FDN compounded with calcium ligno sulphonate,retarder for controlling slump loss and water retaining admixture for reducing water segregation rate.     

谷子品种（系）萌发期耐盐碱性鉴定及评价

为鉴定谷子品种（系）的耐盐碱性,以24个谷子品种（系）为试验材料,设置0、40、80、120和160mmol/L5个盐碱梯度,通过对响应盐碱胁迫的8个主要指标进行多重比较、相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析、灰色关联度分析及回归分析等了解谷子萌发期对盐碱胁迫的响应并筛选出强耐盐碱性材料。结果表明,耐盐碱性谷子鉴定的最适宜盐碱浓度为80mmol/L。根据综合耐盐碱系数（CDC值）、耐盐碱性度量值（D值）及加权关联度（WDC值）对谷子耐盐碱性进行排序,其中耐盐碱性最强的5个品种（系）为泰谷004、豫谷18、龙谷25、冀谷168和K148。通过聚类分析将供试材料分为4类,分别包含9、10、3和2个品种（系）。灰色关联度及逐步回归分析表明,相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对根长和相对芽长4个指标可以作为谷子品种耐盐碱性鉴定的综合指标。本研究为谷子盐碱机制的深入研究提供理论依据,为耐盐碱新品种的选育提供重要材料基础。