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101.
Modelling bovine trypanosomosis spatial distribution by GIS in an agro-pastoral zone of Burkina Faso
Michel JF Dray S de La Rocque S Desquesnes M Solano P De Wispelaere G Cuisance D 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,56(1):5-18
Modelling of the spatial distribution of bovine trypanosomosis prevalence in Sideradougou district Burkina Faso was performed by using a combination of spatial and statistical analysis. Based on a comprehensive and geographically representative census of herds and farms in the area, more than 2000 cattle were randomly chosen and their blood sampled during field survey. Data on livestock farming practices were recorded for each farm. All data were mapped within a GIS to generate new information on spatial constraints in the area.Surveys results were analysed and serological prevalence data were modelled using logistic regression. The model allowed identification and quantification of risk factors. In a second step the statistical model was used predictively on the entire farm population in the area. This method was successful in predicting the serological prevalence for each individual herd in the sample, from their livestock management patterns and spatial location. Predicted prevalences were represented within the GIS, taking daily movements of animals into account. Spatial distribution of prevalence would illustrate specific locations at risk from an epidemiological viewpoint. It gives evidence that the hydrological network and land occupation patterns in the savanna-type countryside are playing an important part when structuring a so-called "trypanosomosis space". 相似文献
102.
Schuster M Duringer P Ghienne JF Vignaud P Mackaye HT Likius A Brunet M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5762):821
In the Sahara region, the age of onset of the desert condition has been uncertain until now. Here we report on the discovery of 7,000,000-year-old eolian dune deposits from the northern Chad Basin. This geological archive is the oldest known evidence for desert occurrence in the Sahara. 相似文献
103.
Núria Martínez-Carreras Andreas Krein Francesc Gallart Jean-Fran?ois Iffly Christophe Hissler Laurent Pfister Lucien Hoffmann Philip N. Owens 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):5685-5705
Nutrient (C, N and P) and metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) content and dynamics of suspended and channel bed sediments were analysed within the rural Attert River basin (Luxembourg). This basin is representative of the main physiographic characteristics of the country, where there is currently little information available on the composition and dynamics of fluvial sediment. Stream bed fine-grained sediment samples (n?=?139) collected during low flow conditions and time-integrated suspended sediment samples (n?=?183) collected during storm runoff events (October 2005 to April 2008) in seven nested basins ranging from 0.45 to 247?km2 were analysed. Nutrient and metal spatial patterns, temporal trends and the relationship between their content and storm runoff characteristics (e.g. maximum discharge and sediment concentration) were assessed. Results showed a high spatial and temporal variability, mainly associated with basin characteristics and local inputs. Higher values of total C were measured in the highly forested basins located in the northern part of the Attert River basin, whereas the highest values of total P were mainly associated with material coming from grassland and with the inflow of wastewater treatment plants (i.e. higher values of total P were measured in the southern part of the basin). The abundance of metals, not only in suspended but also in channel bed sediments, was generally as follows: Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu. Both nutrient and metal concentrations were at a maximum at the beginning of the wet season, after having been accumulated during the summer. These values tended to decrease during autumn and winter due to sediment mobilisation, and a higher flow capacity to transport coarser particle fractions from the sources. In general, concentrations of nutrients and metals on suspended sediment were negatively correlated with antecedent precipitation, total precipitation, total specific discharge and maximum discharge, which has been previously associated to a ??dilution?? effect during storm runoff events. Results show that both sediment sources and hydrologic events play an important role on the spatial and temporal variability of sediment-associated nutrient and metal contents. 相似文献
104.
Alvinerie M Dupuy J Kiki-Mvouaka S Sutra JF Lespine A 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,157(1-2):117-122
The parasiticide ivermectin and the antifungal drug ketoconazole are drugs that interact with P-glycoprotein. We have tested the ability of ketoconazole at a clinical dose to modify the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sheep. Lacaune lambs were administered with a single oral dose of ivermectin alone at 0.2mg/kg (n=5) or in combination with a daily oral dose of ketoconazole (10mg/kg) given for 3 days before and 2 days after the ivermectin (n=5). The plasma kinetics of ivermectin and its metabolite were followed over 15 days by HPLC analysis. Co-administration of ketoconazole induced higher plasma concentrations of ivermectin, leading to a substantial increase in the overall exposure of the animals to the drug. Ketoconazole did not reduce the production of the main ivermectin metabolite but it may rather act by inhibiting P-glycoprotein, and thus increasing the absorption of ivermectin. The use of a P-gp reversing agent such as ketoconazole could be useful tool to optimize antiparasitic therapy in the face of the worldwide development of anthelmintic resistance. 相似文献
105.
Jacques Ranger Pascal Bonnaud Olivier Bouriaud Dominique Gelhaye Jean-François Picard 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(3):303-303
106.
107.
Chabreyrie D Chauvet S Guyon F Salagoïty MH Antinelli JF Medina B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):6785-6790
Protein profiles, obtained by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) on white wines previously dialyzed, combined with shikimic acid concentration and multivariate analysis, were used for the determination of grape variety composition of a still white wine. Six varieties were studied through monovarietal wines elaborated in the laboratory: Chardonnay (24 samples), Chenin (24), Petit Manseng (7), Sauvignon (37), Semillon (24), and Ugni Blanc (9). Homemade mixtures were elaborated from authentic monovarietal wines according to a Plackett-Burman sampling plan. After protein peak area normalization, a matrix was elaborated containing protein results of wines (mixtures and monovarietal). Partial least-squares processing was applied to this matrix allowing the elaboration of a model that provided a varietal quantification precision of around 20% for most of the grape varieties studied. The model was applied to commercial samples from various geographical origins, providing encouraging results for control purposes. 相似文献
108.
Amandine Cunty Bruno Legendre Pauline de Jerphanion Virginie Juteau Aurélie Forveille Jean-François Germain Jean-Marie Ramel Philippe Reynaud Valérie Olivier Françoise Poliakoff 《Plant pathology》2020,69(9):1798-1811
In Europe, the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius is the main known vector of the quarantine bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. So far detection and identification of X. fastidiosa has more often been performed from plant matrices than insects, mainly using a real-time PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. Detection of X. fastidiosa in its insect vectors would enhance knowledge of the epidemiologic situation in France, specifically in the already infected Corsica and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) regions. The aim of this study was to validate a methodological approach to detect X. fastidiosa in P. spumarius, analysed individually or in groups of 10, using real-time PCR and MLST, and to apply the approach to more than 4,000 individuals collected between 2015 and 2019 from infected areas. The corresponding results expanded our knowledge of the epidemiology of X. fastidiosa in France: (a) X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex including the sequence types ST6 and ST7 were identified in the insect vector; (b) the rate of positive insects per infected area was as high as 33.3% in Corsica or 50% in the PACA region; (c) positive adults were found during winter; and (d) the bacterial load in P. spumarius (droplet digital PCR) usually ranged from 103 to 104 cells per insect, but could be as high as 105 or 106 cells per insect for some individuals (13%). The subspecies and sequence types detected in P. spumarius corresponded to the situation officially reported for plants in the same areas. 相似文献
109.
Andrea Vivian Alvarez-Oxiley Noelita Melo de Sousa Jean-Luc Hornick Kamal Touati Gysbert C van der Weijden Marcel AM Taverne Otto Szenci Jean-Fran?ois Beckers 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):9
Background
The involvement of placental lactogen (PL) in the regulation of foetal growth has been investigated in different species by in vivo immunomodulation techniques. However, when circulating antibodies are present together with the hormone, the procedure for hormonal measurement becomes considerably complex. The aim of this study was the immunoneutralization of bovine placental lactogen (bPL) concentrations in bovine foetal circulation by direct infusion of rabbit anti-bPL purified immunoglobulins (IgG) via a foetal catheter (in vivo study). The ability of a RIA based on guinea pig anti-bPL antiserum, for the measurement of bPL concentrations in samples containing exogenous rabbit anti-bPL immunoglobulins, was also analyzed in in vitro and in vivo conditions.Methods
Six bovine foetuses were chronic cannulated on the aorta via the medial tarsal artery. Infusion of rabbit anti-bPL IgG was performed during late gestation. Pooled rabbit anti-bPL antisera had a maximal neutralization capacity of 25 μg bPL/mL of immunoglobulin. Interference of rabbit anti-bPL immunoglobulin with radioimmunoassay measurement using guinea pig anti-bPL as primary antibody was first evaluated in vitro. Polyclonal anti-bPL antibodies raised in rabbit were added in foetal sera to produce 100 samples with known antibodies titers (dilutions ranging from 1:2,500 till 1:1,280,000).Result(s)
Assessment of the interference of rabbit anti-bPL antibody showed that bPL concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in samples added with dilutions of rabbit antiserum lower than 1:80,000 (one foetus) or 1:10,000 (four foetuses). It was also shown that the recovery of added bPL (12 ng/mL) was markedly reduced in those samples in which exogenous rabbit anti-bPL were added at dilutions lower than 1:20,000. Concentrations of foetal bPL were determined in samples from cannulated foetuses. In foetuses 1 and 6, bPL concentrations remained almost unchanged (<5 ng/mL) during the whole experimental period. In Foetus 3, bPL concentrations decreased immediately after IgG infusion and thereafter, they increased until parturition.Conclusion(s)
The use of a bPL RIA using a guinea pig anti-bPL as primary antiserum allowed for the measurement of bPL concentrations in foetal plasma in presence of rabbit anti-bPL IgG into the foetal circulation. Long-term foetal catheterization allowed for the study of the influence of direct infusion of anti-bPL IgG on peripheral bPL concentrations in bovine foetuses. 相似文献110.