罗氏沼虾细胞色素P450家族CYP302a1基因克隆及其在蜕皮周期中的表达

蜕皮是甲壳动物重要的生理活动,与其蜕皮激素的合成密切相关,细胞色素P450(CYP)302a1是甲壳动物蜕皮激素合成通路中的关键酶之一。本研究克隆了罗氏沼虾CYP302a1基因(Mr-CYP302a1),cDNA全长1 859 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 629 bp,编码543个氨基酸(aa),分子量大小为61.09 ku,等电点为8.42。氨基酸序列分析显示CYP302a1基因的保守结构域含有5个P450基因家族特征保守区域:heme-binding、helix-K、helixC、helix-I及PERF。系统进化分析结果显示Mr-CYP302a1首先与绿虾CYP302a1聚为一支,然后与凡纳滨对虾及三疣梭子蟹等十足目甲壳动物的CYP302a1聚为一支,与甲壳动物的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测表明Mr-CYP302a1在罗氏沼虾的多个组织中均有表达,其中在Y器官中的表达量最高,性腺中次之。同时研究发现,MrCYP302a1基因在罗氏沼虾的蜕皮后期(A期和B期)表达量很低,蜕皮间期(C期)表达量开始上升,在蜕皮前期D1亚期达到峰值。对Mr-CYP302a...     

纺纱方式对长绒棉高支纱性能的影响

为明确不同长绒棉纤维适纺性能及不同纺纱方式下的成纱质量,以新疆5个长绒棉品种(系)(新海35号、新海53号、新海57号、丰海8号、丰海7号)的纤维为原料,采用普通环锭纺和紧密纺2种纺纱方式,纺100S纯长绒棉纱,并对成纱性能进行测试.结果:与环锭纺相比,紧密纺大大提高了成纱的强伸性能,降低了3 mm毛羽指数,改善了条干...     

171份小麦种质面粉糊化特性及其与品质性状的相关性分析

为了解我国现有小麦种质的面粉糊化特性,以来源于不同区域的171个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,分析了小麦面粉糊化特性及其与品质性状的相关性。结果表明,品种对面粉糊化参数有极显著影响(P0.01);糊化参数基本呈正态分布,约有81.9%的小麦峰值黏度集中在2 250～3 000 cP,筛选出峰值黏度较高的6个小麦品种(系)。糊化参数在不同小麦类型区的材料间差异程度不同,其中长江中下游冬麦区的峰值黏度显著高于北方冬麦区,与西南冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区和国外引进材料差异不显著。相关分析表明,峰值黏度与其他所有糊化参数均呈极显著正相关;与面粉白度、L~*值、稳定时间和粉质质量指数呈显著或极显著正相关,与b~*和吸水率则呈极显著负相关。     

圈养蓝鹇和白鹇繁殖行为的时间节律观察

采用瞬时取样法对圈养的2对蓝鹇和2组白鹇繁殖期行为的时间节律进行了初步研究,分别选择蓝鹇和白鹇繁殖行为较为明显的时期,各记录15 d,即蓝鹇为2008年3月30日～4月15日(12、13日因故未观察),白鹇为2008年4月16～30日;每天观察12 h,即从7:00～19:00。结果表明第一组蓝鹇和白鹇的繁殖行为都明显少于第二组蓝鹇和白鹇,蓝鹇和白鹇的繁殖行为的发生次数随日期出现波动,两物种繁殖行为的高峰多在早晚时段。蓝鹇和白鹇的产蛋周期分别为3～4 d和1～3 d;两物种雌性个体在产蛋前均有较多繁殖行为发生;两物种的繁殖对配对个体日间发情的同时性要求均不高,白鹇的繁殖与配对个体繁殖行为发生的绝对频次多少也无关,蓝鹇的繁殖与配对个体繁殖行为发生绝对频次多少的关系尚不明确。     

逆向物流若干问题的思考

逆向物流是物品沿着供应链由下游节点至上游节点流动时所产生的一系列活动,作为物流的逆过程,逆向物流具有更多的复杂性和不确定性。在逆向物流领域相关学者研究的基础上,对逆向物流的一些问题进行探讨,以期加深对逆向物流的认识,并指导相应的实施管理实践,促进逆向物流的发展和完善,对环保作出一定的贡献。首先从概念入手,探讨逆向物流与物流以及销售的关系;然后从驱动因素以及电子商务的影响方面介绍逆向物流的发展;最后对逆向物流的实施和管理进行讨论,并提出具体建议。     

Comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine and medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas).

The cardiorespiratory effects, effectiveness, and reversibility of two injectable anesthetic combinations were compared in captive patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Seven patas monkeys were hand-injected with medetomidine (40 microg/kg, i.m.), butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg. i.m.), and ketamine (3.0 mg/kg. i.m.), and seven were injected with the same dosages of medetomidine and butorphanol plus midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.). Heart rates decreased in monkeys in both treatment groups and were lower than those previously recorded in patas monkeys anesthetized with either ketamine or ketamine and isoflurane. Mean arterial pressures were highest in ketamine-treated monkeys but remained within normal limits for both groups. End tidal CO2 values increased gradually over time in both groups and were above physiologic norms after 20 min. Respiratory rates were similar between groups and remained constant throughout the procedures. Despite adequate ventilation parameters, initial low percent oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) values were suggestive of severe hypoxemia. It was not clear whether these were accurate readings or an artifact of medetomidine-induced peripheral vasoconstriction. Oxygen supplementation restored SpO2 values to normal (>94%) in both groups. Both combinations effectively produced a state of light anesthesia, although spontaneous recoveries occurred after 30 min in three ketamine-treated monkeys. All monkeys were given i.m. atipamezole (0.2 mg/kg) and naloxone (0.02 mg/kg), whereas midazolam-treated monkeys also received flumazenil (0.02 mg/kg, i.v.), which resulted in faster (median recovery time = 5 min) and more complete recoveries in this group. Both combinations are safe to use when supplemented with oxygen, although the midazolam combination provided a longer anesthetic period and was more fully reversible.     

Effect of Protein Source and Concentration on Somatic Growth of Juvenile Green Sea Urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

Abstract— An important aspect in the development of any aquaculture industry is the maximization of juvenile somatic growth (i.e., body growth) to reduce production time and increase the size of the final product. In this study, green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus clroebachiensis were fed a prepared diet from 4 December 1998 to 10 September 1999 (i.e., 280 d) in a laboratory to investigate the effect of protein source (soybean andlor fish), protein concentration (20,30,40, and 50% dry mass) and juvenile size (4‐8 mm and 12‐20 mm initial test diameter) on somatic growth. A natural diet of Laminwia longicrurus (i.e., kelp) was used as a reference. There was no difference in initial size among the treatments for either the smaller cohort 1 or the larger cohort 2 sea urchins (6.3 mm and 13.8 mm initial average test diameter, respectively) (P > 0.05 for all tests). After 280 d, the sea urchins fed kelp had an average size of 20.7 mm and 24.5 mm (cohort 1 and cohort 2, respectively). The final average sizes of the sea urchins fed the prepared diets, which did not relate to dietary protein concentrations andlor protein source, ranged from 13.2 mm to 16.2 mm (cohort 1) and from 20.4 mm to 22.9 mm (cohort 2), and were significantly smaller than the kelpfed sea urchins (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, cohort 1 and cohort 2, respectively). All treatments experienced 95% survivorship or greater. Sea urchin size appears to affect growth rate when optimal conditions for growth are available (i.e., diet and water temperature). As water temperatures increased during the summer of 1999, the sea urchins in cohort 1 fed kelp had a significantly higher growth rate (0.069 dd) than the cohort 2 kelpfed sea urchins (0.052 dd) (P < 0.05). However, within each cohort, there were no significant difference in growth rate (P > 0.05) among the sea urchins fed prepared diets, suggesting sea urchins do not require high concentrations of dietary protein for superior growth, and that plant protein can substitute fish protein in sea urchin diets. Furthermore, the sea urchins fed the prepared diets had poorer test quality and larger gonad yields (13‐22%) compared to the kelpfed sea urchins (4.2%) and a wild sample of sea urchins of similar size (4.0%). The results suggest that the sea urchins fed the prepared diets allocated more energy to gonad production, whereas those fed a natural diet allocated more energy toward test production. To address this gap, more research is required to identify the nutritional components required for test growth that were present in kelp, but appeared to be deficient in the prepared diets.     

缺苞箭竹生长发育规律初步研究

缺苞箭竹是大熊猫最喜食的竹种之一,主要分布于四川的岷山山系,构成冷杉林下的主要层片。通过两年的定位观测发现: 1.在春季,缺苞箭竹地下部分生长是最活跃的,它包括秆基笋芽的萌发和上年萌发笋芽的走“鞭”发笋。 2.地上部分秆茎生长分为四个阶段,即延缓期,指数生长期,相对生长下降期和休眠期。在第二阶段生长最快,生长量最大,占年高生长量的92％,日最大高生长量为6.1cm。这一阶段的最大特点是气温和生长波动的高度协调。在不同立地条件下这一生长期长短是不同的。 3.通过箭竹生长与气温,太阳辐射,降水等气候因子的回归分析,结果表明:温度是支配箭竹生长的主导因素。     

准噶尔南缘扇缘带种植业结构分析

通过对准噶尔南缘扇缘带种植业生产的分析及试验研究，提出了适合本地带农田的经粮结构、草经粮结构、林经草结构和专业化生产４种种植业结构类型。根据经济效益、生态效益和社会效益综合评定，认为采用草粮或林经草种植业结构类型，同时贯彻以牧为主、农牧结合的方针是本地带开发利用的最佳途径