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991.
采用淋巴细胞培养和染色体C─分带方法,测定了二花脸、大约克纯种猪No.13和No.16染色体C─带的长度、面积和异染色质的量,以图揭示家猪染色体C─带的品种差异.结果表明,二花脸、大约克纯种猪在No.16染色体上C─带的长度、面积和异染色质的量存在着显著差异,以此可以作为区分两品种的重要依据. 相似文献
992.
Food quality is an important issue on the global agenda, particularly in high- and middle-income economies, but of little concern in designing Mexico’s food policy. Food policy has focused on quantity and in the case of maize, on satisfying domestic demand by supporting large commercial agriculture and importing from abroad. However, and as argued in this paper, obtaining a food staple (maize-tortilla) of quality is also an important issue for rural households and contributes to motivating continued smallholder production. Based on case studies in the rural district of Atlacomulco, in the state of Mexico, as well as in two regions of the state of Chiapas, this paper analyzes the production and consumption strategies of rural households. We focus on goals of food security and quality and note differential trends among households of varying characteristics and local contexts. We find that the motivation of small-scale producers to grow maize should be supported by Mexico’s food policy. 相似文献
993.
Rett syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder caused by mosaic expression of mutant copies of the X-linked MECP2 gene in neurons. However, neurons do not die, which suggests that this is not a neurodegenerative disorder. An important question for future therapeutic approaches to this and related disorders concerns phenotypic reversibility. Can viable but defective neurons be repaired, or is the damage done during development without normal MeCP2 irrevocable? Using a mouse model, we demonstrate robust phenotypic reversal, as activation of MeCP2 expression leads to striking loss of advanced neurological symptoms in both immature and mature adult animals. 相似文献
994.
Samuel Adjei-Nsiah Cees Leeuwis Ken E. Giller Thom W. Kuyper 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):389-403
This study reports on action research efforts that were aimed at developing institutional arrangements beneficial for soil
fertility improvement. Three stages of action research are described and analyzed. We initially began by bringing stakeholders
together in a platform to engage in a collaborative design of new arrangements. However, this effort was stymied mainly because
conditions conducive for learning and negotiation were lacking. We then proceeded to support experimentation with alternative
arrangements initiated by individual landowners and migrant farmers. The implementation of these arrangements too ran into
difficulties due to intra-family dynamics and ambiguities regarding land tenure. Further investigations to find out how ambiguities
could be tackled revealed that the local actors themselves had taken initiatives towards developing institutional innovations
to reduce ambiguities. However, there is still considerable scope for further development of these self-organized innovations.
The article ends with a reflection on inter-disciplinary action research, where it is argued that making “mistakes” is an
inherent and necessary characteristic in action research that aims to address complex social issues.
相似文献
Samuel Adjei-NsiahEmail: |
995.
William H. Friedland 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):197-201
The reaction to conventional agriculture and food systems has generated a host of alternative social movements in the past
several decades. Many progressive agrifood researchers have researched these movements, exploring their strengths, weaknesses,
and failures. Most such research is abstracted from the movements themselves. This paper proposes a new way of self-organization
that, while fulfilling traditional university demands on researchers, will provide research support for progressive agrifood
movements by transcending the boundaries of disciplines and individual universities.
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
William H. FriedlandEmail: |
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
996.
Within-field variations in potential grain yield may be due to variations in plant available soil water. Different water holding capacities affect yield differently in different years depending on weather. By estimating plant-water availability in different weathers, scenarios could be created of how yield potential and thereby fertilizer demand may vary within fields. To test this, measured cereal grain yields from a dry, a wet and an intermediate year were compared with different soil moisture related variables in a Swedish arable field consisting of clayey and sandy areas. Soil water budget calculations based on weather data and maximum plant available water (PAW), estimated from soil type and rooting data, were used to assess drought. A reasonable correlation between estimated and measured soil moisture was achieved. In the dry year, drought days explained differences in yield between the clayey and the sandy soil, but yield was better explained directly by maximum PAW, elevation, clay content and soil electrical conductivity (SEC). Yield correlated significantly with SEC and elevation within the sandy soil in the dry year and within the clayey soil in the wet year, probably due to water and nitrogen limitation respectively. Dense SEC, elevation and yield data were therefore used to divide the field into management zones representing different risk levels for drought and waterlogging. These could be used as a decision support tool for site-specific N fertilization, since both drought and waterlogging affect N fertilization demand. 相似文献
997.
Kochendoerfer GG Chen SY Mao F Cressman S Traviglia S Shao H Hunter CL Low DW Cagle EN Carnevali M Gueriguian V Keogh PJ Porter H Stratton SM Wiedeke MC Wilken J Tang J Levy JJ Miranda LP Crnogorac MM Kalbag S Botti P Schindler-Horvat J Savatski L Adamson JW Kung A Kent SB Bradburne JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5608):884-887
We report the design and total chemical synthesis of "synthetic erythropoiesis protein" (SEP), a 51-kilodalton protein-polymer construct consisting of a 166-amino-acid polypeptide chain and two covalently attached, branched, and monodisperse polymer moieties that are negatively charged. The ability to control the chemistry allowed us to synthesize a macromolecule of precisely defined covalent structure. SEP was homogeneous as shown by high-resolution analytical techniques, with a mass of 50,825 +/-10 daltons by electrospray mass spectrometry, and with a pI of 5.0. In cell and animal assays for erythropoiesis, SEP displayed potent biological activity and had significantly prolonged duration of action in vivo. These chemical methods are a powerful tool in the rational design of protein constructs with potential therapeutic applications. 相似文献
998.
Against the neoliberal steamroller? The Biosafety Protocol and the social regulation of agricultural biotechnologies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Through a discursive and organizational analysis we seek to understand the Biosafety Protocol and the place of socioeconomic
regulation of agricultural biotechnology in it. The literature on the Protocol has been fairly extensive, but little of it
has explored debates over socioeconomic regulation during the negotiation process or the regulatory requirements specified
in the final document. This case is especially important at a time when the spread of neoliberalism is increasingly associated
with deregulation, because it sheds light on the conditions under which circumvention of the market is deemed legitimate and
socio-economic regulation of agricultural technology is possible.
Daniel Lee Kleinman
is a professor in the Department of Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he is also affiliated
with the Holtz Center for Science and Technology Studies and the Integrated Liberal Studies Program. He is the author and
editor of a number of books, including Impure Cultures: University Biology and the World of Commerce (2003).
Abby J. Kinchy
is a PhD candidate in the Departments of Sociology and Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Her current
research examines the controversies surrounding the genetic “contamination” of Mexican maize and Canadian canola. 相似文献
999.
Wenger OS Leigh BS Villahermosa RM Gray HB Winkler JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5706):99-102
Reaction rates extracted from measurements of donor luminescence quenching by randomly dispersed electron acceptors reveal an exponential decay constant of 1.23 per angstrom for electron tunneling through a frozen toluene glass (with a barrier to tunneling of 1.4 electron volts). The decay constant is 1.62 per angstrom (the barrier, 2.6 electron volts) in a frozen 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran glass. Comparison to decay constants for tunneling across covalently linked xylyl (0.76 per angstrom) and alkyl (1.0 per angstrom) bridges leads to the conclusion that tunneling between solvent molecules separated by approximately 2 angstroms (van der Waals contact) is 20 to 50 times slower than tunneling through a comparable length of a covalently bonded bridge. Our results provide experimental confirmation that covalently bonded pathways can facilitate electron flow through folded polypeptide structures. 相似文献
1000.