黑熊精液的保存研究

对35只4～13岁的健康雄性黑熊进行了电刺激采精161次，并对精液进行了冷冻保存。稀释后低温保存48h，平均精子活力可达到0．3以上。用含甘油的稀释液稀释后，最佳平衡时间为2h。     

播期对大豆生长发育和产量构成因子的影响

本试验对黑龙江省北部第4积温带，不同播期对大豆生长发育，干物质积累，叶面积动态及产量构成因子的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明：晚播生育日数比正常播期缩短，后期单株荚数、粒数、百粒重均低于正常播期，最后导致产是下降；早播由于地温低，有粉种现象，保苗率降低较大，特别是对寒性较差的品种影响更大，单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重低珩正常播期，大豆产量亦比正确播种明显低。从试验结果看出在本区以5月7日前后播种最为适宜，平均产量比早播高11.8％，比晚播高8.0％。     

长期不同施肥下黑土和红壤团聚体氮库分布特征

为阐明长期不同施肥下土壤氮库的演变特征,揭示氮库稳定性不同的团聚体对不同施肥的响应,为化肥和有机物的合理施用提供科学依据。本研究通过对黑土和红壤22年的田间肥料定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥模式对土壤全氮、 微生物氮以及各级团聚体中氮贡献率的影响。结果表明,长期不施肥（CK）和施用化肥（NPK）,黑土土壤全氮含量以0.015 g/(kga)的速率显著下降（P 0.05）;而长期化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）,黑土全氮含量以0.025 g/(kga) 的速率显著上升（P 0.05）。在CK、 NPK、 NPKM和秸秆还田（NPKS）处理下,红壤全氮含量均没有显著变化。施肥22年后,NPKM处理下黑土和红壤微生物氮含量较NPK处理下分别增加了15% 和 43%,全氮含量分别增加了43% 和45%,差异均达到显著水平（P 0.05）。氮素在黑土上主要积累在253 m 微团聚体中,达到0.73~1.21 g/kg,在红壤上主要积累在2 m 微团聚体中,达到0.46~0.98 g/kg。与NPK相比,NPKM 处理下黑土和红壤 250~2000 m大团聚体中氮素贡献率均显著提高,分别增加了4.3% 和 5.1%。与NPK相比,NPKM 和 NPKS 处理下,红壤 253 m 微团聚体中氮贡献率分别降低了5.9% 和 9.7%,而黑土除大团聚体外的各级团聚体氮贡献率均没有显著变化。可见,不同土壤类型对施肥响应不同, 主要是253 m 微团聚体中氮素的响应不同,化肥配施有机肥可提高土壤250~2000 m 大团聚体中氮的贡献率,进而增加土壤对作物的氮素供给能力,是有助于提高土壤肥力和生产力的农业生产可持续性施肥模式。     

球孢白僵菌对假眼小绿叶蝉成虫高致病力菌株筛选

采用喷雾法测定5株球孢白僵菌菌株对假眼小绿叶蝉的致病力。结果表明:以浓度(1±0.5)×107孢子/m L白僵菌孢子悬液接种12 d后,各菌株对假眼小绿叶蝉均有一定的致病性,校正死亡率和僵虫率范围分别为(52.21±0.94)%~(86.92±1.96)%和(50.67±1.25)%~(84.67±0.82)%,LT50为6.35~9.61 d。其中,BLK菌株对其致病力最强,校正死亡率和僵虫率分别为(86.92±1.96)%和(84.67±0.82)%,LT50为6.35 d,6 d的LC50为9.539×106孢子/m L。通过时间-剂量-死亡率模型参数估算,BLK菌株对该虫致死效应较强的时间段为2.5~5 d,该菌株在假眼小绿叶蝉的生物防治中有重要的应用潜力。     

Improving winter wheat grain yield and water-/nitrogen-use efficiency by optimizing the micro-sprinkling irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate

Available irrigation resources are becoming increasingly scarce in the North China Plain (NCP),and nitrogen-use efficiency of crop production is also relatively low.Thus,it is imperative to improve the water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen fertilizer productivity on the NCP.Here,we conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts (S60,60 mm;S90,90 mm;S120,120 mm;S150,150 mm) and nitrogen application rates (150,195 and 240 kg ha~(–1);denoted as N1,N2 and N3,respectively) under micro-sprinkling with water and nitrogen combined on the grain yield(GY),yield components,leaf area index (LAI),flag leaf chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation (DM),WUE,and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP).The results indicated that the GY and NPFP increased significantly with increasing irrigation amount,but there was no significant difference between S120 and S150;WUE significantly increased first but then decreased with increasing irrigation and S120 achieved the highest WUE.The increase in nitrogen was beneficial to improving the GY and WUE in S60 and S90,while the excessive nitrogen application (N3) significantly reduced the GY and WUE in S120 and S150 compared with those in the N2 treatment.The NPFP significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rate under the same irrigation treatments.The synchronous increase in spike number (SN) and 1 000-grain weight (TWG)was the main reason for the large increase in GY by micro-sprinkling with increasing irrigation,and the differences in SN and TGW between S120 and S150 were small.Under S60 and S90,the TGW increased with increasing nitrogen application,which enhanced the GY,while N2 achieved the highest TWG in S120 and S150.At the filling stage,the LAI increased with increasing irrigation,and greater amounts of irrigation significantly increased the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf,which was instrumental in increasing DM after anthesis and increasing the TGW.Micro-sprinkling with increased amounts of irrigation or excessive nitrogen application decreased the WUE mainly due to the increase in total water consumption (ET)and the small increase or decrease in GY.Moreover,the increase in irrigation increased the total nitrogen accumulation or contents (TNC) of plants at maturity and reduced the residual nitrate-nitrogen in the soil (SNC),which was conducive to the increase in NPFP,but there was no significant difference in TNC between S120 and S150.Under the same irrigation treatments,an increase in nitrogen application significantly increased the residual SNC and decreased the NPFP.Overall,micro-sprinkling with 120 mm of irrigation and a total nitrogen application of 195 kg ha~(–1) can lead to increases in GY,WUE and NPFP on the NCP.     

长期不同施肥条件下红壤性水稻土双季稻氮肥回收率的变化特征

在江西进贤红壤性水稻土上连续种植双季水稻26年,分析了在化肥氮用量相同条件下,不施肥（CK）, 单施氮肥（N）, 施用氮、 磷化肥（NP）, 氮、 钾化肥（NK）, 氮、 磷、 钾化肥（NPK）和氮磷钾配施有机肥（NPKM）处理的水稻氮肥回收率的演变特征及其增产效应。结果表明,不同施肥条件下的化肥氮回收率差异显著,26年的平均氮肥回收率 N 处理为 9.4%~11.6%、 NP为13.0%~18.5%、 NPK为19.8%~26.1%, NPKM为14.1%~22.9%。磷、 钾肥混施和与有机肥配施可显著提高水稻氮肥回收率,且对早稻的贡献大于晚稻,NPK和NPKM处理的早稻氮肥回收率比晚稻平均高6.3和8.8个百分点。N和NK处理的早稻和晚稻氮肥回收率均随年度增加而显著降低,平均每年下降约0.6个百分点,而NPK、 NPKM处理的氮肥回收率基本保持稳定。与NPK相比,NPKM处理早稻和晚稻籽粒产量分别增加19.0%和21.7%。因此,NPKM处理在提高化肥氮的回收率和高产稳产方面都是红壤性水稻土上可持续的施肥模式。     

草莓无土栽培方式及基质配方研究

通过对不同栽培模式和基质配方研究表明,高架专用基质栽培对草莓生长状况及果实品质均优于低架专用基质栽培、袋装自制基质栽培和槽式自制基质栽培,但其产量稍低于槽式自制基质栽培。     

稻壳在日光温室西葫芦有机基质栽培中的应用研究

以早青一代西葫芦为试材,研究了以稻壳、鸡粪和大田土壤按不同比例构成的基质配方对西葫芦生长、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,以稻壳∶鸡粪∶大田土壤为3∶1∶1的配方栽培的西葫芦表现优异,适宜于生产应用。     

节水栽培条件下冬小麦籽粒微量元素和蛋白质含量对施氮的反应

为明确节水栽培下冬小麦籽粒微量元素、蛋白质含量对施氮的响应及其调控效应,在大田限水灌溉条件下研究了施氯对高产冬小麦品种石家庄8号籽粒铁、锌、锰、铜含量、蛋白质及其组分含量的影响。结果表明,冬小麦一次性基施157．5kg N／ha处理的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和铁、锌、锰、铜含量均显著高于不施氮肥处理,在基施157．5kg N／ha基础上追施氮肥,上述各指标的变化均不显著,过量施氮籽粒铁、锌、锰含量反而呈降低趋势。在本试验奢件下,冬小麦一次性基施157．5kg N／ha可以使产量、品质和资源效率得到最佳统一。     

感染萧氏松茎象幼虫的绿僵菌菌株的初步筛选

应用10个绿僵菌菌株对萧氏松茎象幼虫进行致病力试验,结果表明,以浓度为(1.5±0.5)×106个.mL-1的孢子悬液喷菌,校正死亡率最高为91.90%,最低为15.28%,僵虫率最高为91.32%,最低为24.80%,LT50为5.39-10.12 d,单头虫体平均产孢量为106-107个.头-1.Ma1291-2、MaWP-01菌株对萧氏松茎象幼虫致病力较强,喷菌7 d后僵虫率分别为89.56%、91.32%,LT50分别为5.49、5.72 d,经不同剂量测定LC50分别为2.5707×104、1.9871×104个.mL-1,这2个菌株对萧氏松茎象生物防治有较大的开发利用价值.