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131.
Arai Y Ohgane J Yagi S Ito R Iwasaki Y Saito K Akutsu K Takatori S Ishii R Hayashi R Izumi S Sugino N Kondo F Horie M Nakazawa H Makino T Shiota K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):507-517
Epigenetic alteration is an emerging paradigm underlying the long-term effects of chemicals on gene functions. Various chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides and heavy metals, have been detected in the human fetal environment. Epigenetics by DNA methylation and histone modifications, through dynamic chromatin remodeling, is a mechanism for genome stability and gene functions. To investigate whether such environmental chemicals may cause epigenetic alterations, we studied the effects of selected chemicals on morphological changes in heterochromatin and DNA methylation status in mouse ES cells (ESCs). Twenty-five chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides, heavy metals and their metabolites, were assessed for their effect on the epigenetic status of mouse ESCs by monitoring heterochromatin stained with 4¢,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The cells were surveyed after 48 or 96 h of exposure to the chemicals at the serum concentrations of cord blood. The candidates for epigenetic mutagens were examined for the effect on DNA methylation at genic regions. Of the 25 chemicals, five chemicals (diethyl phosphate (DEP), mercury (Hg), cotinine, selenium (Se) and octachlorodipropyl ether (S-421)) caused alterations in nuclear staining, suggesting that they affected heterochromatin conditions. Hg and Se caused aberrant DNA methylation at gene loci. Furthermore, DEP at 0.1 ppb caused irreversible heterochromatin changes in ESCs, and DEP-, Hg- and S-421-exposed cells also exhibited impaired formation of the embryoid body (EB), which is an in vitro model for early embryos. We established a system for assessment of epigenetic mutagens. We identified environmental chemicals that could have effects on the human fetus epigenetic status. 相似文献
132.
Onda K Sugiyama M Niho K Sato R Arai S Kaneko K Ito S Muto M Suganuma T Wakao Y Wada Y 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):667-669
This study investigated the long-term survival of a calf with cervical ectopia cordis that grew normally, became pregnant, and calved normally. The cow showed normal cardiac function and absence of peripheral circulation abnormalities. This paper documents antemortem characteristics of the affected cow. 相似文献
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134.
Murase Y Konnai S Hidano A Githaka NW Ito T Takano A Kawabata H Ato M Tajima T Tajima M Onuma M Murata S Ohashi K 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):504-507
The tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum), the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), is increasingly becoming a public health concern as an aetiological agent for emerging infectious disease. We found A. phagocytophilum infection in a pooled sample of field-collected Ixodes persulcatus (I. persulcatus) ticks from one district in Hokkaido, Japan. Thus, to further investigate the prevalence in field-collected ticks, we used PCR assays targeting the A. phagocytophilum gene encoding 44 kDa major outer membrane protein (p44) for screening of I. persulcatus ticks and samples from cattle from pastures. Out of the 281 I. persulcatus ticks, 20 (7.1%) were found to harbor A. phagocytophilum DNA. The infection rate for A. phagocytophilum in cattle was 3.4% (42/1251). In future studies, it will be necessary to investigate effects of the infection in order to understand its pathogenesis of A. phagocytophilum in domestic animals. 相似文献
135.
Sano S Sugiyama K Ito T Katano Y Ishihata A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):6209-6213
Piceatannol is present in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds in high amounts. In this study, we isolated the second major polyphenolic compound of passion fruit seeds and identified it as scirpusin B, which is a dimer of piceatannol. We investigated the antioxidant activities and vasorelaxing effects of these polyphenols. Their antioxidant effects were measured using an in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and their vasorelaxant effects were determined ex vivo in rat thoracic aorta. Both polyphenolic compounds exhibited potent antioxidant activities and significant vasorelaxant effects in endothelium-intact aortas. More specifically, scirpusin B exerted a greater antioxidant activity and vasorelaxant effect compared with that of piceatannol. Additionally, the vasorelaxation effects of the compounds were induced via the NO derived from the endothelium. This study provides the possibility that polyphenols in passion fruit seeds are effective against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). 相似文献
136.
Hiroaki Samejima Motohiko Kondo Osamu Ito Takuhito Nozoe Takuro Shinano Mitsuru Osaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):545-554
The objective of the present study was to identify the limiting factors in biomass productivity of new tropical rice lines (panicle weight type) by analyzing the relationship between root and shoot activity. Five field experiments using three new lines, IR65598-112-2, IR65600-42-5-2, and IR68544-29-2-1-3-1-2, and one of the highest-yielding indica rice varieties (panicle number type), IR72, were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute from 1997 to 2002. Specific absorption rate of N (SARN , mg N g-1 root dry weight d-1), specific stem sap exudation rate (sap exudation rate, g exudate g-1 root dry weight 12 h-1) and specific root respiratory rate (root respiratory rate, μmol O2 g-1 root dry weight h-1) were determined as indices of root activity. Relative growth rate (RGR, mg g-1 d-1) was used as an index of shoot activity. Compared with IR72, the new lines showed lower RGR and SARN values during the early growth stages. In contrast, during the late growth stages, these activities were higher in the new lines than in IR72. The SARB and sap exudation rate showed a linear correlation with RGR at successive growth stages, regardless of the genotypes and growth conditions. These findings indicated that active root-shoot interaction was maintained throughout the growth period in high-yielding tropical rice, including the new lines and IR72. Therefore, it was considered that SARN and the sap exudation rate are useful indices of root activity regulating RGR in the new lines. However, the root respiratory rate could not be used for selection, because the relationship between RGR and the root respiratory rate changed with the growth conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis that root and shoot activities during maturation are important factors affecting the productivity of the new lines, which have not yet been able to attain the targeted yield. 相似文献
137.
AbstractPotherb mustard (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica) and tomato plants (scion, ‘CF Momotaro haruka’; rootstock, ‘Dokutar K’; Solanum lycopersicum) were cultured in hydroponic medium containing cesium-137 (137Cs) at three different concentrations (0.03, 0.13 and 1.03 Bq L?1), and uptake of 137C into the plants was determined. When the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the medium was 1.03 Bq L?1, the 137Cs radioactivity concentrations in the edible portions of the plants were 4.80 Bq kg?1 fresh weight for the potherb mustard plants and 3.60 Bq kg?1 fresh weight for the tomato plants. In both species, the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the edible portions decreased with decreasing 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the culture medium. When the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the medium was 0.03 Bq L?1, a concentration observed in many streams and in tap water in Fukushima Prefecture after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the 137Cs radioactivity concentrations in the edible portions of the plants were 0.50 and 0.15 Bq kg?1 fresh weight for potherb mustard and tomato plants, respectively. These values are less than the Japanese allowable limit for radiocesium in food. For both species, the transfer factors for 137Cs uptake from the culture media to the edible portions and the average transfer rates over the cultivation period were calculated. 相似文献
138.
Hisashi Sato Akihiko Ito Akinori Ito Takashi Ise Etsushi Kato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):34-47
Although climate conditions primarily determine the distribution and functioning of vegetation, vegetation also influences climate via biophysical and biogeochemical features such as evapotranspiration, albedo, carbon cycling, trace gas emissions and the roughness of the land surface. Forecasts of rapid climate change during the next 100~200 years, fueled by an increase in greenhouse gases, have motivated the development of land surface models (LSMs) that predict changes in vegetation functions. Here, we review how these models have been developed and used to simulate interactive processes between climate and the land surface. Current limitations and future perspectives of the LSMs are also presented. 相似文献
139.
140.
14C-labelled sodium bicarbonate and 15N-labelled ammonium sulfate were simultaneously vacuum-infiltrated into detached sunflower leaves, and the incorporation of 14C and 15N into free amino acids was chased during 60-min period in the light and in the dark. In the light, the ue specific activity of aspartic acid, alanine, serine and glycine rapidly increased for 5 min and thereafter decreased. On the other hand, that of gultamic acid continued to increase slowly during the entire 60-min period. In the dark, aspartic acid most actively incorporated 14C. The difference of changes in 14C specific activity between glutamic acid and other amino acids was also observed in the dark as in the light. These results suggest that the carbon skeleton of glutamic acid is synthesized from aspartic acid, alanine, serine and glycine. 15N content of glutamine was the highest of all amino acids investigated in the light, and it was followed by glutamic acid. alanine, aspartic acid, serine and glycine, in this order. In the dark, 15N content of glutamic acid fell remarkably and was lower than that of alanine up to 5 min. From these 15N tracer experiments, it is suggested that the incorporation of ammonium into glutamic acid is strictly dependent on light and that alanine incorporates ammonium by the direct amination besides the transamination from glutamic acid. 相似文献