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91.
92.
J M Rodriguez Patino M R Rodriguez Nino C Carrera Sanchez 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(9):3640-3648
Heat-induced interfacial aggregation of a whey protein isolate (WPI), previously adsorbed at the oil-water interface, was studied by interfacial dynamic characteristics coupled with microscopic observation and image analysis of the drop after heat treatment. The experiments were carried out at temperatures ranging from 20 to 80 degrees C with different thermal regimes. During the heating period, competition exists between the effect of temperature on the film fluidity and the increase in mechanical properties associated with the interfacial gelation process. During the isothermal treatment, the surface dilational modulus, E, increases, and the phase angle, delta, decreases with time to a plateau value. The frequency dependence of E and delta is characteristic of viscoelastic films with increasing delta and decreasing E at lower frequencies. The effects of heat treatment depend on the conditions at which the gelation process takes place. Microscopic observation of gelled films gives complementary information on the effect of heat treatment on WPI adsorbed films. 相似文献
93.
Robson Elpídio Pereira Ribeiro Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello Márcio Vieira da Cunha Suellen Brandão de Miranda Costa Janerson José Coelho Rayanne Thalita de Almeida de Souza Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos 《Grass and Forage Science》2023,78(1):194-203
This study hypothesised that different elephant grass genotypes respond differently in terms of their morphological development to irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate how water availability could affect the morphological development of different genotypes of elephant grass. The treatments consisted of four genotypes of elephant grass [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone], managed under irrigation or not, during a two-year field trial. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design in a split-plot, with four replicates per treatment (n = 4). Between the genotypes, two of them were classified as tall-sized (IRI 381 and Elephant B), and two as dwarfs (Taiwan A-146 2.37 and Mott). A three-way interaction between season, irrigation, and genotype affected the variables plant height, stem diameter, number of dead tillers, light interception (LI), and leaf area index (LAI) (p < .05). The morphological development of all genotypes was negatively impacted by the dry season. All genotypes grew taller during the rainy season (p < .05) and had a greater light interception (62%–80%) compared to the dry period (28%–59%). The genotype Mott, showed comparable LI and LAI to the tall-sized genotypes, whilst Taiwan A-146 2.37 was characterized by the lowest values, despite being the genotype with the greatest tiller density (60 tillers m−2) (p < .05). The use of irrigation mitigated the negative effects of the dry season on the plants, however, the type and size (tall vs. dwarf) of the elephant grass genotypes defined the extent of the responses to the use of the irrigation during the dry period. 相似文献
94.
95.
Chemical composition of Lippia spp. essential oil and antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila 下载免费PDF全文
Cláudia Majolo Silvia Imaculada Barros da Rocha Edsandra Campos Chagas Francisco Célio Maia Chaves Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2380-2387
Phytotherapy can replace antibiotic administration as an alternative to control Aeromonas hydrophila, one of the main bacteria involved in the aetiology of farmed fish diseases. Given that plants of the Lippia spp. genus show biological potential for antimicrobial activity, this study evaluated the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Lippia alba, Lippia origanoides and Lippia sidoides and their activity against A. hydrophila. The oils were obtained by steam distillation in a Clevenger‐type apparatus and their composition determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (CG/MS). Antibacterial activity was assessed by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using broth microdilution method. The main compounds identified were geranial (25.4%) and neral (16.6%) in L. alba oil, carvacrol (40.4%) and p‐cymene (11.4%) in L. origanoides oil and thymol (76.6%) and ortho‐cymene (6.3%) in L. sidoides oil. The three Lippia species showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against A. hydrophila, with MICs and MBCs ranging from 1250 to 5000 μg mL?1. Of the species tested, the best performance was obtained with essential oil of L. sidoides. 相似文献
96.
Kennya Gomes Silva Addam Scheila Anelise Pereira Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus Lucas Cardoso Nichola Syracuse Gustavo Ruschel Lopes Nicollas Breda Lehmann Bruno Correa da Silva Lúvia Souza de S Francisco Clio Maia Chaves Maurício Latera Martins Jos Luiz Pedreira Mourio 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2960-2971
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of organic acids blend (OAB) alone or in combination with essential oil, Lippia origanoides (OAE) for Nile tilapia fed supplemented diets for 30 days. Fish (1.1 ± 0.04 g) were fed control (Control), or OAB 0.5% or OAB 0.5% + essential oil 0.125% (OAE) respectively. At the end of the experiment, samples were collected for de hemato‐immunological, histological analysis of the intestine and liver, as well as microbiology of the intestine. The pH of the diets supplemented with OAB and OAE reduced 0.92 and 0.19 respectively. The growth and FCR were unaffected by the treatments, but survival was significantly higher in the OAB treatment. Fish fed the OAB diet showed reduced concentration of total heterotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas sp. in the intestine. Increased glucose in fish fed OAB and high number of circulating monocytes in fish fed OAE diet were observed. The anterior intestine of fish fed OAE diet showed larger number of goblet cells and increased villi height. The diet supplemented with OAB, mainly, improved the intestinal health and survival of tilapia juveniles and can be used in juvenile production. 相似文献
97.
Natalino da Costa Sousa Mrcia Valria Silva do Couto Higo Andrade Abe Peterson Emmanuel Guimares Paixo Carlos Alberto Martins Cordeiro Emilly Monteiro Lopes Jonathan Stuart Ready Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus Mauricio Latera Martins Jos Luiz Pereira Mourio Paulo Csar Falanghe Carneiro Alexandre Nizio Maria Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3720-3728
Intensive fish farming has resulted in an increased concern for disease outbreaks. Probiotic use is one of the strategies being developed to improve fish health and productivity. Measures of probiotic colonization, growth performance, haematological characteristics and parasite load were used to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with Enterococcus faecium on growth and health of Arapaima gigas juveniles. A completely randomized design with four treatments (diet with E. faecium at 1 × 106 CFU/g and 1 × 108 CFU/g, control diet and diet with the culture medium MRS) and three replicates was used. Ninety‐six Arapaima juveniles were distributed in 12 cages fed with the specified diet for 68 days. Colonization of the intestinal tract by lactic acid bacteria reduced the total number of heterotrophic bacteria in fish fed with probiotics compared to controls. Fish fed a supplemented diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g presented higher values of weight gain, survival and fish growth uniformity, and lower values of feed conversion ratio. The prevalence of Trichodina sp. could have affected the survival of fish in the control group. Reduction in parasite load and an increase in haematocrit, the number of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, neutrophils and monocytes were also observed in fish fed the diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g. Enterococcus faecium presented a probiotic effect in A. gigas juveniles and can be recommended for use at a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/g to modify the gut microbiota, improve growth performance and haematology and reduce parasitic load. 相似文献
98.
Lisandra Magna Moura Rafael Silva Ramos dos Anjos Renata Oliveira Batista Naine Martins do Vale Cosme Damião Cruz José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro Juarez Campolina Machado Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro 《Euphytica》2018,214(10):181
The objectives of this study were to obtain information about genetic parameters of a partial diallel in common bean, as well as to evaluate the effects of growing seasons, locations and generations in these estimates in order to define the best strategies for the use of diallel analysis as methodology of selection of parents and populations in common bean breeding. Twelve parents were crossed in a partial diallel scheme (5?×?7), and the F1 and F2 generations were evaluated in four experiments (I, II, III, and IV). The effects of seasons were determined in the Experiments I and II, in which the F1 generation was evaluated in two distinct growing seasons. To quantify the effect of locations, we used Experiments III and IV, in which the F2 generation was evaluated in the same season, but at different locations, and to quantify the effect of generations, the experiments II (generation F1) and III (F2 generation) were evaluated in the same season and location. As for grain yield the genetic control varied according to the environment. An effect of interaction on the genetic parameters of the diallel was observed for generation, whereas for grain yield, effects of season and location were observed. For plant architecture, parental combining ability should therefore be estimated using the F1 generation, while for grain yield, both the F1 and F2 can be used. The recombination between the best hybrids is a promising strategy for extraction of superior black bean lines. 相似文献
99.
Iratzio Lemus Carlos Maldonado Gerard Cuzon Adolfo Sanchez Gabriela Gaxiola Alfonso Alvarez Martha Guerrero 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):205-215
The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the ingredients was evaluated for Centropomus undecimalis juveniles. The in vitro experiment included wheat gluten (WG), corn gluten (CG), soybean meal (SBM) and pretreated phytase (SBM + phytase), soy protein concentrate (SPC), canola meal (CAN) and pretreated phytase (CAN + phytase), poultry byproduct meal (PBPM), chicken meal (CHKM), dried whey (DW), Pota meal (PM: mix of giant squid, fish soluble protein concentrate, crustacean meal, and fish oil), and Protiblend (PTB: aquatic and render mix). The highest acidic DH occurred with PTB (0.38 ± 0.06), CHKM (0.33 ± 0.3), and PBPM (0.25 ± 0.03). In the alkaline condition, PTB (1.6 ± 0.17 and 0.98 ± 0.05 for pyloric caeca and intestine, respectively) and CG (1.04 ± 0.4 and 0.75 ± 0.2 for caeca and intestine, respectively) provided the highest DH values. In vitro digestibility demonstrated that PTB was the highest (85.3%) followed by PBPM (51.4%), CAN + phytase (47.6%), CG (45.1%), and CHKM (46.5%). The in vivo experiment concerned the WG, CHKM, PBPM, PM, and PTB diets plus a reference diet with fishmeal (Ref diet). The total %DH was different (P < 0.05) with the lowest values for the WG diet (0.34 ± 0.09%) and Ref diet (0.34 ± 0.15). Free amino acid released during digestion was displayed for these diets and a bifactorial analysis produced no difference (P > 0.05). The apparent digestive coefficients ranged from 89.8 to 92.9% for protein and from 68 to 71.4% for energy. 相似文献
100.
Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) hydrolate as sedative of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles in simulated transport conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Hugo Napoleão Pereira da Silva Elen Monique de Oliveira Sousa Janna Laely dos Santos Maia Mônica Tatiane Lima Pinheiro Soraia Valeria de Oliveira Coelho Lameirão Rosa Helena Veras Mourão José Guilherme Soares Maia Bernardo Baldisserotto Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):128-134
Lippia alba hydrolate (LAH) is produced as a secondary product in essential oil extraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of LAH in a simulation of the transport of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. A series of 17 hr simulations were performed using load densities of 30, 60 and 90 juveniles per L and four LAH concentrations of 0.4%, 1%, 2% and 5%, with a control of just water. Fish survival, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, ammonia excretion, alkalinity water hardness and net Na+, K+, Cl‐ fluxes, were all evaluated before and after the transport simulations. Mucous cell densities in the gills were also determined microscopically, post simulation. The results showed that addition of 5% LAH achieved better survival during the simulation than the water control. Dissolved oxygen was significantly lower with an increased load density. Also, conductivity, NH4 excretion and net ionic fluxes (K+ and Cl?) were lower with 5% LAH, although mainly where higher load densities were tested. Mucous cell density was lower in LAH concentrations of 2% and 5%, again with higher load densities. In view of these findings, it is suggested that 5% LAH is an effective sedative for use in the transport of tambaqui, mainly with high load densities. This work is the first study of LAH and highlights its potential applications in aquaculture management. 相似文献