Study of intracellular ion composition of yeast <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> biomass

The ionic composition of the of the intracellular content of the alcohol yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae R. 1039 biomass was studied for confirmation of their use perspectiveness as a mediator to enable the management the mineral content of food in the manufacture of food and feed additives. The ionic composition of the obtained extracts were identified using the method of capillary electrophoresis. It is found that the quantitative ion content in the cell extracts depends on the concentration of the nutrient medium. When the yeast S. cerevisiae R. 1039 was cultivated on the medium with the soluble solids concentration of 30%, the intracellular ion content in the extracts was 1.3 times higher than when the yeast was cultivated on 12% wort by increasing the concentration of chlorides, sulfates, formates, potassium ions, and calcium. The yield of the yeast S. cerevisiae R. 1039 biomass increased 1.6 times per unit of volume of the medium with increase of the soluble solids concentrations from 12% to 30%.     

Importance of chlorogenic acid on the oxidative potential of potato tubers of two German cultivars

Summary Two German cultivars differing in blackspot susceptibility were grown in pots in 1998 and 1999 under control and water stress conditions. Blackspot susceptibility of the tubers was defined as oxidative potential. The effect of free tyrosine, cysteine, phenylalanine, chlorogenic and ascorbic acid on the oxidative potential was analyzed. A high concentration of ascorbic acid led to a decrease in the oxidative potential after harvesting in 1998. No correlation was found between oxidative potential and free tyrosine, phenylalanine or cysteine, respectively. Chlorogenic acid content increased during storage and gave a significant correlation with discoloration, showing that it can have an effect on the oxidative potential of the tuber greater than previously thought. Supplementing freeze-dried potato samples with pure chlorogenic acid increased the oxidative potential. Oxidative potential seems to depend on a series of chemical compounds, and their content is affected by factors including annual variations, cultivar, water availability and storage.     

Emission Inventories for SO2 and NOx in Developing Country Regions in 1995 with Projected Emissions for 2025 According to Two Scenarios

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - Top-down inventories of anthropogenic SO2 and NOx emissions were compiled for 1995 for developing country regions. Regional emission factors were used to generate...     

Electron solvation in two dimensions

Ultrafast two-photon photoemission has been used to study electron solvation at two-dimensional metal/polar-adsorbate interfaces. The molecular motion that causes the excess electron solvation is manifested as a dynamic shift in the electronic energy. Although the initially excited electron is delocalized in the plane of the interface, interactions with the adsorbate can lead to its localization. A method for determining the spatial extent of the localized electron in the plane of the interface has been developed. This spatial extent was measured to be on the order of a single adsorbate molecule.     

Über den Metabolismus von Endrin,Heptachlor und Telodrin

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen über den Metabolismus insektizider Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe mit Hilfe¹⁴C-markierter Verbindungen wird über den Abbau von Endrin, Heptachlor und Telodrin in Warmblütern, Pflanzen und Mikroorganismen berichtet; die entstandenen Metaboliten wurden zum Teil als Hydroxyl-Derivate der Insektizide identifiziert.Nach oraler Applikation von radioaktiv markiertem Endrin an Ratten — Endrin weist von allen diesen Insektiziden gegenüber Warmblütern die höchste Toxizität auf — wird die Radioaktivität sehr schnell ausgeschieden (Speicherung nach 13 Tagen, bei täglicher Applikation, 14% der Gesamtaktivität; drei Tage nach letzter Endrindosis 5,3%). Als Ausscheidungsprodukte treten, hauptsächlich in den Faeces, neben geringen Mengen Endrin zwei hydrophile Metaboliten auf.20 Tage nach Besprühen von Pflanzen (Brassica oleracea) mit Endrin-¹⁴C enthalten die Wurzeln größere Mengen eines hydrophilen Metaboliten, der auch in Stengeln, Blättern und im Erdreich nachgewiesen wurde.

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Summary In the context of investigations of the metabolism of insecticidal chlorinated hydrocarbons by means of¹⁴C-labelled compounds this report deals with the degradation of endrin, heptachlor and telodrin in warm-blooded animals, plants and micro-organisms. The resulting metabolites were identified partly as hydroxyl derivatives of the insecticides.After oral application of radioactively labelled endrin in rats — endrin shows the highest toxicity among all insecticides towards warm-blooded animals — the radioactivity was very quickly eliminated (accumulation after 13 days' application was 14% of the total activity; 5,3% remained three days after the last dose of endrin). The waste products, appearing mainly in the faeces, were found to be, beside small quantities of endrin, two hydrophilic metabolites.20 days after plants(Brassica oleracea) were sprayed with endrin-¹⁴C the roots contained considerable amounts of a hydrophilous metabolite. The latter was also found in stems, leaves and in the soil.

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Resumé Dans le cadre de recherches sur le métabolisme des insecticides à base d'hydrocarbures chlorés, effectuées à l'aide de composés marqués à¹⁴C, on expose les modalités de dégradation de l'endrine, de l'heptachlore et de la télodrine chez les animaux à sang chaud, chez les plantes et les micro-organismes; on a identifié une partie des métabolites obtenus comme dérivés hydroxyles des insecticides.Après l'administration par voie buccale à des rats d'endrine marquée, qui a, de tous ces insecticides, la plus grande toxicité pour les animaux à sang chaud, la radioactivité était très vite éliminée. L'activité résiduelle totale était de 14% après qu'on leur avait administré une dose quotidienne d'endrine pendant 13 jours et de 5,3% trois jours après la dernière administration. Parmi les produits éliminés, surtout dans les fèces, il faut citer, à côté de quantités réduites d'endrine, deux métabolites hydrophiles.20 jours après la pulvérisation des plantes(Brassica oleracea L) avec de l'endrine-¹⁴C, les racines contenaient des quantités appréciables d'un métabolite hydrophile, que l'on a aussi détecté dans les tiges, les feuilles et le sol.

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mit 11 Fig.     

THE EFFECTS OF HEAVY DRESSINGS OF POTASH APPLIED TO THE SEEDBED OF A LEY COMPARED WITH ANNUAL DRESSINGS

Two experiments were established to compare the effect on the yield of continuously cut herbage of varying amounts of potassium fertilizer applied either in one large dose to the seedbed, or as 3 equal dressings applied to the seedbed and in the summer of the 2 following years. Responses in dry–matter yield were recorded up to the higher rates of potassium fertilizer applied. Establishment and yield in the first 12 months were improved by seedbed applications of up to 4 cwt/ac of muriate of potash (60% K₂O). Although total yields over the whole period were similar, whether the potassium was applied to the seedbed only or in annual dressings, yields from "all–in–seedbed" dressings declined towards the end of the period. Soil analysis indicated that annual dressings left behind higher residues of K.