动物专用半合成大环内酯类抗生素——替米考星

替米考星是由泰乐菌素半合成的动物专用的大环内酯类抗生素，最初是由美国礼来公司开发成功。由于其独特的抗菌活性和特殊的药动学特征，目前已被批准用于牛、羊、猪、鸡、兔等动物感染性疾病的防治。替米考星适合于防治牛、羊、猪的肺炎和溶血性巴氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、胸膜肺炎放射杆菌、霉形体和其他敏感菌感染。     

Multiple amino acid substitutions are involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice

To explore adaptation of avian influenza virus to mice we previously performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the influenza A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) strain, resulting in the isolation of a variant influenza strain lethal for mice. We now report that virulence correlates with improved growth characteristics on mammalian cells and extended tissue tropism in vivo. Sequencing of the complete genomes of the wild-type and mouse-adapted viruses revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Some were found to reiterate known substitutions in human and swine H9N2 influenza isolates. Functions affected include nuclear localization signals and sites of protein and RNA interaction, while others are known determinants of pathogenicity and host specificity such as the viral polymerase PB2 E627K substitution. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence in mice. We conclude that multiple amino acid substitutions are likely to be involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice.     

貂,貉,犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断试剂的研究

用金黄葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白（ＳＰＡ）协同凝集方法（ＣｏＡ）对貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断的试剂进行了制备，确定了制备。艺及该制剂的标准操作程序。本制剂特异性强，不与健康动物的组织及其他几种病毒病（犬瘟热、犬传染性肝炎、狂犬病等）发生交叉凝集反应，灵敏度高，通过该制剂ＣｏＡ法与ＨＡ－ＨＩ法比较结果比现行的貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎ＨＡ－ＨＩ诊断方法检出率高出３０％，同时具有微量、操作简便、易掌握、快速等特点，可在３～５ｍｉｎ获得诊断结果。     

丝素膜的结构测定和分析

对脱胶丝素纤维、初生丝素蛋白膜、固定化ＧＯＤ－丝素膜结构进行了红外光谱分析。三者红外光谱图差异明显，丝素纤维为典型的丝Ⅱ（双向平行的β片层）结构，初生丝素膜的红外光谱显示无规卷曲或丝Ⅰ构型的特征，经戊二醛活化处理后制备的酶膜，在７００ｃｍ－１处有一显著吸收峰，表明其构型向β型转变，丝素膜的水溶率变化也证实了红外光谱显示的结果。     

陕西杨陵地区猪弓形虫病的血清学调查研究

应用间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）对采自杨陵区食品公司屠宰点、西北农业大学实验农场种猪场,西北农林科技大学兽医院的２１４份猪血样进行弓形虫抗体的定性检测,包括血清检测法（１７６份）,滤纸干血滴法（３８份）两种方法。结果检出阳性血样５份,阳性率为２．３４％。其中来自杨陵区食品公司屠宰点猪血样１３６份,全部用血清检测法测定结果,阳性５份,阳性率为３．６８％,来自西北农林科技大学农场种猪场血样７６份,３８份血清     

饮高碘水对肉仔鸡生产性能及组织器官碘含量的影响

试验用艾维茵肉仔鸡１２０只,随机分为４组,分别饮用每千克含碘量为１５ｍｇ,２５ｍｇ,４５ｍｇ和０ｍｇ的饮水,饮用３７ｄ。结果表明：不同的碘水平对肉鸡生产性能、器官发育均未产生不良影响。但高碘饮水组鸡的组织碘含量均显著高于对照组鸡。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.