Effect of the L-D1 alleles on leaf morphology,canopy structure and photosynthetic productivity in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

One of the most important objectives for breeders is to develop high-yield cultivars.The increase in crop yield has met with bottlenecks after the first green revolution,and more recent efforts have been focusing on achieving high photosynthetic efficiency traits in order to enhance the yield.Leaf shape is a significant agronomic trait of upland cotton that affects plant and canopy architecture,yield,and other production attributes.The major leaf shape types,including normal,sub-okra,okra,and su...     

棉盲蝽的寄主种类、转移规律、生态分布与寄主的适合度

2004~2006年,采用面上普查的方法,初步查明盐城农区绿盲蝽的寄主植物为28科100种,中黑盲蝽为29科105种。通过系统调查结合室内饲养校正,明确了两种棉盲蝽在棉田内,全年有3次迁入高峰和1次迁出高峰。棉盲蝽具有强烈的趋嫩、趋绿和趋花习性,能随着寄主植物开花顺序依次转移,棉盲蝽的成虫期决定着其虫量的再分配。绿盲蝽2、3、4代和中黑盲蝽的2、3代为棉田的主害世代,其余世代则主要分布在棉田外寄主上。依照当地不同生态区的环境特点,研究了两种棉盲蝽在各生态区的寄主范围、生态分布与危害特征。并且根据两种棉盲蝽对寄主植物取食危害的差异,划分了棉盲蝽对多种寄主的适合性程度。     

发酵乳中沙门氏菌依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增快速检测方法的建立

建立依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增（helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification,HDA）快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌方法。以沙门氏菌invA基因序列为目的基因,设计特异性引物,优化反应体系中UvrD解旋酶及T4 gp32添加量,建立最优反应体系。通过HDA方法直接检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌,扩增其产物后进行电泳检测,验证方法特异性。结果表明：采用HDA快速检测法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌特异性良好,优化后反应体系体积50 μL时,UvrD解旋酶添加量为0.10 μg,T4 gp32添加量为5.0 μg,得到与设计序列长度（304 bp）一致的扩增产物,检出限为2.6×102 CFU/g;该方法用于快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌能够满足检测需求,具有较高的灵敏度、易操作,可作为一种基础且快速的方法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌。     

淮北变性土性状特点对其生产性能的影响及农业利用对策

本研究基于黄淮海平原多个变性土剖面分层土壤样品的土壤理化性状分析数据,对其肥力特征、生产性能以及培肥改良措施进行了系统研究。相关结果表明,机械组成中粘粒含量高、质地粘重、土壤结构和孔隙性差是变性土主要物理性状特征,受其影响,土壤表现出耕作性能差、蓄水能力弱、保水性能不强等特点;化学性状主要表现为有机质含量不高、质量差,土壤氮素水平仍较低,耕层土壤速效磷含量分异加大,土壤速效钾含量缓慢降低,土壤CEC含量较高,土壤保肥性能强,但供肥性能较差等特点。这些性状特点对土壤生产性能的影响主要表现在土壤适耕期短,易受旱、涝(渍)灾害的危害,土壤有效养分低、营养失调,钙质结核影响土壤蓄水能力和水分运行以及作物根系生长等方面。指出:(1)增加土壤有机质,改良土壤理化性质;(2)合理施肥,促进土壤养分平衡;(3)改进耕作、灌溉技术,调控土壤水分状况等是培育变性土肥力质量、提高土壤生产性能的关键性措施。     

The role of toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is an important agent of swine and human meningitis. Sequence type (ST) 7 emerged in China and was responsible for the human epidemic caused by S. suis in 2005. The virulence of S. suis ST7 is greater than the wild type pathogenic S. suis, ST1; however, the mechanisms for this increased pathogenicity are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of different toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in regulating the host response to the S. suis infection and to speculate on differing mechanisms used by ST7 strains to induce disease. Here we compared two ST7 strains isolated in the 2005 Sichuan outbreak to two ST1 strains. Our data show TLR2, 6 and 9 are involved in the recognition of heat-killed S. suis independent of the ST type. We found the TLR-dependent cytokine production differed between the two types of strains using whole cell lysate proteins. TLR6 played a greater role in cytokine production induced by the whole cell lysate proteins from the ST7 strain than in that induced by the ST1 strain lysates. The data suggest that mechanisms of inflammation induced by S. suis strains differ where this will be useful in designing efficient strategies in combating streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by the S. suis ST7 strains.     

湖南省主要森林类型植被指数动态变化分析

植被指数具有明显的季节性,能客观反映植被物候信息.利用湖南省2006年MODIS/NDVI与MODIS/EVI数据,对不同森林类型的NDVI和EVI变化进行了对比与相关性分析.研究表明:(1)常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林、竹林及灌木林NDVI季节变化不明显,曲线较平;EVI则有明显季节性,表现为钟形曲线.(2)落叶阔叶林的NDVI与EVI变化趋势一致,均呈钟形曲线.EVI能较好地描述各森林类型在不同季节的差异,适宜用作森林类型信息提取的基础数据.     

不同配比棉花秸秆基质对水果黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究不同配比棉花秸秆复合基质对水果黄瓜幼苗生长的影响.[方法]通过在棉花秸秆中分别加入尿素、磷酸二铵和清水,进行腐熟发酵,再将各处理腐熟的棉花秸秆与草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩按不同比例配成复合基质,以水果黄瓜为试验材料进行育苗试验.[结果]不同配比复合基质对水果黄瓜幼苗的生长影响较大.以棉花秸秆(磷酸二铵处理)∶蛭石∶草炭=2∶1∶1配比的复合基质效果最好,其容重为0.27 g/cm3,总孔隙度为84.72;,通气孔隙为26.34;,持水孔隙为58.38;,pH为6.88,EC值为1.11 ms/cm;水果黄瓜幼苗生长势良好,叶绿素含量较高,育苗效果理想.纯棉花秸秆配方的育苗效果最差.[结论]棉花秸秆(磷酸二铵处理)∶蛭石∶草炭=2∶1∶1可以推荐作为水果黄瓜育苗基质.     

The Estimation of Soil Trace Elements Distribution and Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum in Relation to Trace Elements Status of Sheep in Huangcheng Area of Qilian Mountain Grassland,China

The purpose of the present study was to survey contents of trace elements of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the surface layer (0-20 cm) in the soil, pasture and serum of sheep in Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. Also the soil-plant-animal continuum was analyzed. Soil (n=300), pasture (n=60), and blood serum samples from sheep (n=480) were collected from Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. The contents of trace element in the samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after digestion. The soil trace elements density distribution shows a ladder-like pattern distribution. Equations developed in the present study for prediction of Fe (R²=0.943) and Zn (R²=0.882) had significant R² values.     

大气CO_2浓度升高对繁茂膜海绵阻留海水中有机碳功能的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了大气CO2浓度升高对最低等多细胞动物海绵过滤功能影响。在模拟大气CO2浓度升高的生态系统中,考察了CO2浓度为387、500、750、1000mg/L的环境下,繁茂膜海绵Hymeniacidon perlevis阻留灭菌海水中总有机碳(TOC)的能力。结果表明:在模拟CO2浓度为387、500、750、1000mg/L的条件下,繁茂膜海绵在16 h内清除海水中TOC的效率分别为55.8%、67.6%、50.0%和15.4%,在24h对TOC的平均阻留率分别为(1.90±0.20)、(2.13±0.06)、(1.69±0.08)、(0.43±0.11)mg/(h·g海绵),平均清除率分别为(0.025±0.002)、(0.033±0.001)、(0.019±0.001)、(0.004±0.001)mL/(h·g海绵),由此可见,大气CO2浓度从约387mg/L升高至500mg/L时,促进了繁茂膜海绵阻留海水中TOC的能力,当浓度升高至750 mg/L时,抑制了繁茂膜海绵阻留TOC的能力,当浓度进一步升高至1000mg/L时,导致繁茂膜海绵几乎丧失了阻留海水中TOC的能力。本研究结果可为大气CO2浓度升高对潮间带海绵过滤功能影响及其由此可能导致的近岸海域生态问题提供了参考。     

微型摆式内燃发电机频率的计算与分析

针对所研制的微型摆式内燃发电机(MICSPG),阐述了各组成部分的工作过程及工作特点,建立了微型内燃发电系统的数学模型。在引入平均指示压力和线性气体弹簧分别对内燃机动力腔中由燃烧和最大预压缩压力而引起的气体压力进行线性化分析的基础上,得到了系统的传递函数,并据此研究和分析了微型摆式内燃机发电系统的稳定性和运动频率。研究结果为微型摆式内燃发电系统结构参数的确定和控制系统设计提供了有益的参考。