Agronomic performance of late-season rice under different tillage,straw, and nitrogen management

In double rice-cropping system in China, zero tillage in late-season rice with straw return from early season rice is an emerging technology for saving inputs, shortening the lag time between rice crops, avoiding straw burning, and conserving natural resources. The objective of this 2-year field study was to determine the effects of tillage and straw return on N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency of late-season rice. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with four combinations of tillage and straw return as main plots and three N management practices as subplots. Tillage was either conventional soil puddling or zero tillage with newly harvested crop residue from early season rice either removed or placed on the soil surface without incorporation. The N treatments were zero-N control, site-specific N management (SSNM), and farmers’ N-fertilizer practice (FFP). Straw return regardless of tillage or N management did not reduce rice yield. In the second year, straw return significantly increased grain yield in the zero-N control. Chlorophyll meter readings at heading and total N uptake at maturity were higher with straw return in the zero-N control, suggesting that straw provides nutrients to rice in the late growing period. Zero tillage did not reduce N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency compared with conventional tillage. Despite large differences in timing and rate of N application between FFP and SSNM, these two N treatments resulted in comparable N uptake and grain yield of late-season rice regardless of tillage and straw return. These results suggest that zero tillage after early rice with straw return could replace conventional tillage for late rice in the double rice-cropping system in China.     

Biological activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) and its chemical constituents on Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Hispidae)

The results showed that the essential oil from Piper sarmentosum has strong antifeedant and toxicity effects on Brontispa longissima. The best antifeedant and contact toxicity effects were observed in the 1st-2nd instar larvae. The essential oil also displayed a notable fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. It took the control-treated insects 43.34 d to complete one generation, while the insects treated with 2000 mg/L essential oil needed 73.58 d. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 41 components were identified. Myristicin (65.22%) and trans-caryophyllene (13.89%) were the major components. Myristicin exhibited strong antifeedant and contact toxicity effects on both the 3rd instar larvae and the imagoes of B. longissima, when it showed a significant fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. Another P. sarmentosum essential oil and myristicin all showed a strong inhibiting effect on the growth and development of B. longissima along with the activity of AChE, CarE, GSTs and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase in B. longissima larvae.     

长沙蓉园园林造景研究

指出了湖南长沙的蓉园是长沙近代园林史上保存下来比较完整也是不可多得的优秀实例,经过多方资料查阅、对比与研究,梳理了蓉园的历史沿革,在对蓉园建筑及景观进行整理的基础上,对长沙蓉园园林进行了一些初步的研究。     

对新引进IR不育系的观察与评价

从印度引进１５个ＩＲＲＩ育成的不育系和相应的保持系，在中国水稻研究所试验基地（富阳）观测其育性及主要农艺性状，并初步配组测产。结果表明，１０个不育系育性稳定，符合标准；ＩＲ５８０２５Ａ与明恢６３、Ｔ９０１０配组，其杂种产量与汕优６３相仿，但生育期较短、米质较优。     

籼型三系不育系丰源A的选育

丰源Ａ由湖南杂交水稻研究中心与广西钟山县种子公司合作育成，于１９９８年通过湖南省科委鉴定，是一个育性稳定、配合力强、异交结实率高、米质较优、抗逆性较强的籼型三系不育系     

利用腹管食螨瓢虫控制柑桔全爪螨的研究

本文报道分布于中国东南部的腹管食螨瓢虫Stethorus siphonulus Kapur大面积控制柑桔全爪螨Panonychus citri(McGregor)首获成功;试验示范面积2000多亩,证明保护食螨瓢虫,一般株有瓢虫20—40只者,可无需用药。在春季移殖散放食螨瓢虫,除能控制春季桔全爪螨外,尚可继续控制桔全爪螨的秋季种群,全年无需喷药防治。倘若单独在秋梢期散放食螨瓢虫,秋梢害螨亦可得到显著的控制。移殖散放食螨瓢虫的指标为叶平均有桔全爪螨(包含卵在内各虫态)10只以上,方能建立起瓢虫群落。一般30—40亩果园,只需集中在10株桔树上散放食螨瓢虫200只左右(每株20只),短期内即可繁殖扩散至全园。在大面积桔园,适时进行瓢虫转株再移殖,可以迅速扩大控制范围。     

玉米品种贮藏期对玉米象抗性的初步研究

国内外在粮食作物田间生长期间抗虫性的研究开展较早,并取得了显著的成效。但对收获后贮藏期间品种抗虫性的研究较少。Fermando(1959)研究了稻谷品种在贮藏期间对麦蛾的抗性之后,应用抗虫品种作为防治仓虫的一项经济有效的手段,开始为人们所重视,继后有小麦、大豆、豌豆、芝麻等品种抗仓虫的研究报道。Pandgy等     

紫背金盘提取物对台湾家白蚁毒杀作用的初步研究

利用紫背金盘甲醇提取物对台湾家白蚁进行了室内毒性测定和驱避行为试验。结果表明,经12次重复的毒性测定,有较强的致死作用。3—4％浓度的死亡率达100％,2％浓度的死亡率为94％,1％浓度的死亡率为58.9％。在驱避行为试验中表明,在4％以下的浓度对家白蚁没有显著的驱避怍用,从驱避作用的定量研究——非选择性取食试验中,1—4％浓度处理过的木块均被白蚁蛀蚀过。在选择性取食试验中,1—4％浓度处理组的木材样品同样被白蚁蛀蚀过。从驱避作用的定性研究——琼脂培养基选择性试验看,在整个试验期间的各个处理区内,蚁路筑通,没有堵塞蚁路现象。4％浓度处理组的平均进区率是87.92％,2％浓度的进区率是98.75％,1％浓度的进区率是99.16％。     

杂交双季晚稻二化螟为害损失测定

对水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)为害损失及其估计方法,国内外进行过大量研究,但限于研究环境及方法的特殊性,结果差异甚大,难以通用。湖北省近年来,杂交中稻、杂交双季晚稻上二化螟的第二、三代为害显著加重,为了制定合理的防治指标,本研究对杂交双季晚稻第三代二化螟为害损失进行了田间测定。