Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.     

空心莲子草浸提液对苜蓿、菊苣和燕麦的潜在化感效应

空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)是全球难以根除的恶性杂草,遍布我国20多个省(市)的陆地和水域,造成巨大的生态灾难和经济损失,研究它对牧草的化感作用可为有效防除和选种牧草提供科学依据。本研究以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、菊苣(Cichorium intybus)和燕麦(Avena sativa)为受体植物材料,采用培养和盆栽试验,研究了空心莲子草地上部(ESA)和根系浸提液(ERA)对牧草种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,用ESA和ERA浸种,抑制牧草胚乳蛋白质、淀粉和肌醇磷酸盐水解,降低种子游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和水溶性无机磷含量,破坏种子细胞膜结构,从而抑制牧草种子萌发,其发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数的最大降幅依次为95.66%、96.15%和98.63%。用ESA和ERA浇灌幼苗,会降低牧草根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性和叶绿素含量,减少植株氮、磷、钾吸收,抑制幼苗生长,生物量的最大降幅分别为52.27%(ESA)和63.74%(ERA)。此外,ESA和ERA对3种牧草的化感指数和化感综合效应均为负值,其绝对值随浸提液浓度增加而增大,且表现为ERA大于ESA,燕麦大于苜蓿和菊苣。因此,空心莲子草浸提液对3种牧草均有化感抑制作用,ERA的化感效应大于ESA,燕麦种子发芽和幼苗生长受到的抑制程度大于苜蓿和菊苣。在牧草栽培中,选种较不敏感的菊苣和苜蓿有益于减轻危害和减少损失。     

新疆阿勒泰垦区规模化羊群弓形虫病血清流行病学调查

为摸清新疆阿勒泰垦区兵团第十师北屯市规模化羊群的弓形虫感染情况,采用间接血凝试验(IHA),对采集自第十师所属7个团场的890份羊血清进行了弓形虫血清抗体检测。结果显示:该地区规模化羊群的弓形虫血清抗体平均阳性率为6.18%(55/890);不同羊群均有感染,表明感染分布广泛;母羊群感染率较高,为9.36%;羊群感染率随羊年龄增加而升高。这些情况需引起足够重视。     

美国动物卫生保护制度框架浅析

基于对美国《动物卫生保护法》的研究,本文概述了其立法宗旨,动物疫病预防、突发疫情应急处置、国内流行病控制消灭等制度框架,以及生产经营者主体责任、调运监管制度、动物卫生实验室体系、兽医认证计划、监督执法制度、经费预算方式等保障措施,以期为完善我国立法体系提供借鉴。     

基于卷积神经网络的家蚕病害识别研究

病害是我国养蚕业健康发展面临的主要威胁之一,为研究机械化养蚕模式下的家蚕病害防治方法,采用卷积神经网络进行家蚕病害图像的识别研究。首先在实际环境下,采用饲养和添食病原的方法,集中获取家蚕品种芳·秀×白·春在大蚕期的部分生长阶段下患脓病、微粒子病、白僵病、细菌病、农药中毒以及健康状态的样本,并开展图像采集工作,构建出家蚕病害图像数据集。其次采用特征融合和缩减结构的方法,对残差神经网络进行部分改进,以避免直接使用该算法会导致不必要的计算耗损。最后进行家蚕病害识别试验。结果表明:卷积神经网络能够高效准确识别家蚕病害图像,使用改进的算法在测试集上的准确率达到94.31%,与标准的残差神经网络准确率相当,但训练的参数量仅为原来的1/3,且识别效率大幅提升,更有利于网络的训练与部署。     

水稻无人机撒肥系统设计与试验

针对水稻穗肥撒施效率和机械化程度低的问题,为提高无人机撒肥均匀性,基于多旋翼无人机平台设计了一种水稻撒肥系统,确定了离心盘、流量调节装置等主要结构参数,同时应用EDEM软件仿真分析了离心盘转速、落入位置角、肥料流量、无人机飞行速度和飞行姿态对肥料分布的影响.试验表明:肥料分布呈同心圆时,撒肥有利于幅宽边界确定;幅宽随着...     

南方菜地辣椒主要病虫害综合防治技术

本文较为系统地总结了我国南方及长江中下游地区,辣椒秋延晚栽培的主要病虫害综合防治技术及其措施,坚持以农业防治和生物防治为主,化学防治为辅,生态调控与物理防治相结合,在无公害辣椒大面积生产中逐步实现病虫害的可持续治理。     

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE FAMILY GENES IN WATERMELON AND THEIR RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT ABIOTIC STRESSES

• A total of 8 SOD genes from watermelon were identified and bioinformatically analyzed. • The SOD proteins from watermelon and other different plant species can be classified into five groups consistent with their metal cofactors. • ClSOD genes exhibited distinctive tissue-specific and abiotic stress responsive expression patterns. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme in the antioxidant system of plants and plays a vital role in stress responses by maintaining the dynamic balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Genome-wide analysis of the SOD gene family in various plant species has been conducted but little is known about this gene family in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Here, eight SOD genes were identified in the watermelon genome and are designated ClCSD1-5, ClFSD1-2 and ClMSD according to their metal cofactors. Phylogenetic analysis shows that SOD proteins from various plant species can be classified into five groups and members in the same group possess the same metal cofactor and similar subcellular localizations. Expression analysis of the ClSOD genes indicates that they had tissue-specific expression patterns with high expression in different tissues including the leaves, flowers and fruit. In addition, the expression of ClSOD genes differed appreciably under salinity, drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, indicating that they may be involved in ROS scavenging under different abiotic stresses via an ABA-dependent signaling pathway. These results lay the foundation for elucidating the function of ClSOD genes in stress tolerance and fruit development in watermelon.     

基于主成分分析的强筋小麦加工品质综合评价

为有效评价不同强筋小麦品种加工品质的差异,以65个强筋小麦品种(系)为研究对象,对其籽粒、面粉及面团品质特性进行分析,在主成分分析基础上,利用综合得分对供试材料进行品质评价,并利用聚类分析法对其分类。结果表明,在20个品质评价指标中,容重的变异系数最小(1.36%),面团形成时间的变异系数最大(62.90%)。千粒重与稳定时间、拉伸面积等参数呈极显著负相关;湿面筋含量与籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值呈极显著正相关,与面筋指数呈极显著负相关;面筋指数与面团参数(弱化度除外)呈极显著正相关。通过主成分分析将20个性状综合成5个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到82.437%;其中,第1、2主成分的贡献率较高(33.083%、25.111%),分别代表了面团及蛋白质因子。综合评价得分高的品种(系)有6个,为师栾02-1、新麦26、藁优5766、科兴3302、鲁研1403、陕农33,可作为品质改良的亲本材料加以利用。65个材料可分为5个类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群的籽粒品质较好;第Ⅲ类群的面团品质最佳;第Ⅳ类群的籽粒、面粉及面团的综合性状较好;第Ⅴ类群的籽粒蛋白与面筋含量最高。