冻藏水产品蛋白质变化与控制措施研究进展

冷冻贮藏是水产品的保藏方法之一,相比于其他保藏手段,冻藏的低温条件能对水产品的品质起到较好的保护,因而成为目前最常使用的一种保藏方法。但由于温度的变化以及低温下水产品自身组织结构的破坏,冻藏过程中不可避免地伴随着水产品品质的一系列变化,如脂质氧化、蛋白质冷冻变性、质构变化等。本文综述了冷冻贮藏对水产品肌原纤维蛋白特性的影响,包括蛋白质冷冻变性的影响因素、冻藏条件下肌原纤维蛋白理化性质的变化、蛋白质冷冻变性的机理,并总结了一些控制蛋白质冷冻变性的方法和措施,旨在为水产品中冻藏技术的应用以及低温对肌原纤维蛋白特性影响的研究提供参考。     

中国硬叶兜兰主要分布区居群表型多样性分析

研究基于硬叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum micranthum)表型变异,通过相关性、主成分以及聚类等分析,对9个硬叶兜兰野生居群的22个表型性状指标进行了调查研究,探究硬叶兜兰居群间及居群内表型多样性,为硬叶兜兰资源的进一步保护和利用奠定基础。结果表明:硬叶兜兰在居群间具有丰富的表型多样性,居群内变异较少。平均表型分化系数(Vst)为64%,居群间表型分化高于居群内表型分化。22个性状的平均变异系数(CV)范围为9.52%～31.48%,9个居群平均变异系数为14.55%～18.51%,在表型间差异显著,在居群间差异不显著。主成分分析表明,花纵径等花部性状和株高等营养性状是硬叶兜兰变异的主要因素。Pearson相关性分析表明,株高、中萼片长和花瓣长与大部分性状都呈现显著正相关;冠幅、叶片数等营养性状与海拔存在显著正相关性,而花横径、花纵径等生殖性状与海拔存在显著或极显著负相关性。聚类分析结果表明,9个居群可以聚类为3个类群,和硬叶兜兰地理分布距离一致。     

石斑鱼人工育苗技术研究

通过对点带石斑鱼人工育苗生产试验,从饵料准备、环境条件控制、管理措施等方面进行了探索。共培育出规格5～8cm的石斑鱼苗60多万尾。     

Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation,Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B₁ (Saq B₁), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B₁, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B₁ inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B₁ in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B₁-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B₁-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B₁ might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B₁ effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.     

竹类植物在黄河三角洲盐碱地生态修复中的应用进展

黄河三角洲地区受地势低平、海水易内侵、蒸发量大于降雨量等因素影响,形成了大量盐碱地,对该地区盐碱地进行生态修复具有重要的生态安全意义。文章综述了黄河三角洲盐碱地成因、盐分主要构成、盐胁迫对植物尤其竹类植物的影响,以及竹类植物在滨海盐碱地应用种植情况,认为竹类植物具有很好的观赏性和生态及经济价值,在滨海盐碱地有种植先例和研究报告,种植技术成熟,可以通过筛选、引种、驯化耐盐碱竹类植物,在黄河三角洲盐碱地生态修复中应用。     

浙江遂昌毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术

为了发挥毛竹林生产潜力,增加竹农经济收入,在多年实践研究的基础上总结出一套毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术。研究认为：在毛竹笋材两用林中采挖鞭笋,不会影响整体的竹鞭鞭径和竹鞭总量生长;毛竹林地覆盖稻草和砻糠能显著提高第3年的鞭笋产量;培育高产鞭笋的最佳施肥时间为每年的5月;鞭笋采收时间为5-10月。毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术可在毛竹笋材两用林经营中推广应用。     

Eremophilane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium Copticola with Antitumor and Neuroprotective Activities

Chemical examination of a marine sponge-associated Penicillium copticola fungus resulted in the isolation of ten undescribed eremophilanes, namely copteremophilanes A–J (1–10), along with two new glycosides, 5-glycopenostatin F (11) and 5-glucopenostatin I (12). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data, in association with ECD data and chemical conversions for configurational assignments. Analogs 1, 2, and 10 represent a group of uncommon skeletons of eremophilanes with an aromatic ring and a methyl migration from C-5 to C-9, and analogs 11 and 12 are characteristic of a PKS scaffold bearing a glucose unit. The incorporation of a chlorinated phenylacetic unit in 3–9 is rarely found in nature. Analog 7 showed neuroprotective effect, whereas 8 exhibited selective inhibition against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). This study enriched the chemical diversity of eremophilanes and extended their bioactivities to neuroprotection.     

广西不同养殖模式猪源大肠杆菌耐药表型差异性分析

为调查广西不同养殖模式的猪源大肠杆菌耐药表型差异,为合理使用抗菌药物防治猪大肠杆菌病和减缓耐药菌株产生提供参考,采用体外分离培养和体外药敏试验的方法,分离了广西不同养殖模式的猪源大肠杆菌,并进行耐药表型检测和差异性分析。结果显示,大规模养猪场、中小规模养猪场和散养户的猪源大肠杆菌对头孢西丁、头孢他啶和阿米卡星的敏感率高于70%,而对青霉素G、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、利福平、林可霉素和复方新诺明的耐药率均高于90%。大规模养猪场大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星的耐药率极显著低于散养户(P<0.01),对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素和氟苯尼考的耐药率显著低于散养户(P<0.05);中小规模养猪场大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星、强力霉素和氟苯尼考的耐药性显著低于散养户(P<0.05);散养户大肠杆菌对环丙沙星、卡那霉素和壮观霉素的耐药率极显著高于大规模养猪场和中小规模养猪场(P<0.01),而对头孢噻肟的耐药率极显著低于大规模养猪场和中小规模养猪场(P<0.01)。大规模养殖场、中小规模养殖场和散养户大肠杆菌的多重耐药指数(MARI)分别为0.62、0.63和0.68。14～23耐,散养户(44株)极...     

江汉鸡生长发育与曲线拟合情况分析

江汉鸡是湖北省优良的地方鸡品种,为了解其早期生长发育规律,为其品系选育提供参考依据,本研究运用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy三种非线性生长模型对江汉鸡0～20周龄体重生长情况进行曲线拟合和分析。结果表明三种曲线均能较好地拟合江汉鸡的生长曲线,经分析比较发现,Gompertz模型拟合的江汉鸡生长曲线效果最佳(R²≥0.996),其公鸡的拐点为(9.170周,763.070 g),母鸡的拐点为(9.355周,623.185 g)。三种模型对江汉鸡生长曲线的拟合和分析是可行的,通过生长曲线的拟合分析可及时掌握江汉鸡的生长发育规律、发现饲养管理中存在的问题。