不同单酶制剂混合检测对比研究

试验以木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和酸性蛋白酶为对象,首先研究了酸性蛋白酶分别和其他3种单酶进行混合后酶活测定值变化情况,结果表明,酸性蛋白酶对其他3种单酶的检测结果没有影响;试验第二部分研究了4种单酶整体混合在一起后各单酶测定值的变化情况,结果表明,木聚糖酶测定值出现很大偏高,其他3种单酶测定结果未出现显著偏差;进行进一步论证试验表明,淀粉酶可能是使木聚糖酶测定结果偏高的原因。     

基于超平面构建的高光谱异常目标检测方法

高光谱遥感影像具有光谱分辨率高、图谱合一的特点,影像中的地物组成也多种多样,针对图像数据中目标出现概率较小、检测概率较低等问题,本文提出了基于超平面构建的高光谱数据目标异常检测方法。它通过对高光谱数据的结构分析,构建出高维空间中的背景超平面算子,以待测像元在其正交子空间的投影值来表征异常程度的大小。通过OMIS和AVIRIS实测数据验证,并与RX算法相比较,基于超平面构建的高光谱异常检测算法能够在多种背景环境下检测出纯度高、光谱差异大的异常像元,并具有较高的检测率和较低的虚警率,因此具备了有效性和较好的实用性。     

“中国春”小麦不同缺体的RAPD分析

利用ＰＣＲ－９０Ａ型ＤＮＡ扩增仪，对７个中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ进行了扩增。结果显示，中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ的ＲＡＰＤ产物可分为二种类型：（１）所有供试材料均能扩增出的片段，代表了核ＤＮＡ在进化上的保守性。有一个引物检测到这类片段。（２）全部供试材料间存在的差异片段，这类片段是用来基因定位的主要依据。另外，建立中国春小麦缺体系统的ＲＡＰＤ指纹图谱对研究小麦的系统进化也将有重要意义     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

雏鸭重组禽流感（H5+H7）三价灭活苗母源抗体消长规律

为探究雏鸭重组禽流感(H5+H7)三价灭活苗母源抗体消长规律,确定最佳首免日龄,将试验分为A组(种鸭免疫H5N1 Re-11+Re-12株、H7N9 H7-Re-2株、H5N2疫苗)和B组(种鸭免疫H5N2 rSD57株+rFJ56株、H7N9 rGD76株疫苗);选其孵化后的雏鸭各300羽,分别于1、7、14、21、28日龄时采血,每组随机采集100份样品,通过血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验进行禽流感母源抗体检测。结果显示:两组各亚型母源抗体在1日龄时平均滴度均达最高水平( 7.27log2),且离散程度低( 0.22)。两组雏鸭的禽流感母源抗体阳性率均随日龄增长而逐渐下降,7日龄时,平均滴度在4.26log2以上,群体抗体阳性率在76%以上,其中B组阳性率略高于A组;14日龄时,平均滴度都下降到2.55log2以下,群体抗体阳性率下降到25%以下;21日龄时,平均滴度均在0.43log2以下,群体抗体阳性率下降至1%以下。结果表明,高抗体水平种鸭能够使后代雏鸭具有较高水平的禽流感母源抗体,但母源抗体保护时间较短,重组禽流感(H5+H7)三价灭活苗的最佳首免时间为7～14日龄。本研究为鸭禽流感疫苗免疫策略制定提供了参考。     

应用液态悬浮芯片技术建立17种大肠杆菌耐药基因多重快速检测方法

为建立一种快速、高通量的多重耐药基因检测方法,利用Luminex液态芯片平台,建立了可同时检测17种耐药基因的液态芯片检测方法。该方法对大肠杆菌常见的七大类抗菌药物所对应的17种耐药基因（blaSHV、blaCMY-1、Aph3-IIa-1、aac(6)-Ib-cr、aadA-1、cmlA-1、gyrA、mcr-1、NDM-1、parC、qnrS-1、sul-1、sul-2、sul-3、tetA、tetB、tetX）进行序列分析,随后依次对其设计多重PCR特异性引物,构建特异的阳性质粒作为阳性参比品进行液态芯片检测条件优化,从而进行多重耐药基因液态芯片检测方法的研发。结果显示：成功构建了17种耐药基因的阳性质粒,并建立了两套体系用于检测17种耐药基因。在特异性试验中,两套体系中的检测信号无干扰,具有较高的特异性数值;敏感性试验中,体系一的单一质粒最低检测量为102~104 copies/μL,混合质粒为103~105 copies/μL;体系二的单一质粒最低检测量为102~105 copies/μL,混合质粒为104~106 copies/μL;有效性试验中,液态芯片法与PCR检测结果的Kappa值多在0.60以上,具有高度一致性。结果表明,本研究建立的2套液态芯片检测体系具有高通量、高灵敏和高特异性的优点,可同时对17种耐药基因进行检测,能够达到快速检测的目的。     

立足大国农业,培养"养猪达人""猪生产技术"课程思政教学改革探索

文章以畜牧兽医类专业核心课程“猪生产技术”育人目标为出发点,结合“课程思政”的教育理念,阐述“猪生产技术”课程思政实施必要性,探索课程思政元素挖掘和教学实施,将爱国情怀、生态保护、责任担当、职业素养、团队协作、食品安全等思政元素融入课程教学过程中,旨在探索专业课程内容与思政内容融合要点,从而提高学生的专业素养、职业素养和道德水平。     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数。结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0.05)高于美系杜洛克后代商品猪;加系杜洛克后代商品猪的瘦肉率、肋骨数显著(P<0.05)低于美系杜洛克。同一品系不同性别间背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率均不显著(P>0.05),加系商品公猪肋骨数极显著低于母猪肋骨数(P<0.01)。结论:美系杜洛克后代商品猪的胴体性状优于加系杜洛克后代商品猪。