猪霍乱沙门氏菌LAMP检测方法的建立与应用

利用猪霍乱沙门氏菌lacZ基因设计特异性引物,通过优化各种反应条件,建立了检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌的环介导等温扩增（LAMP）快速检测方法。此方法特异性好,灵敏度高,将细菌DNA稀释到10-8仍可检出,是PCR方法的1000倍。本研究建立的LAMP方法操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强,为临床检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌和预防人猪霍乱沙门氏菌病提供了技术保障。     

奶牛瘤胃异常代谢产物组胺引起的炎性反应及其消除方法

高精低粗的饲粮结构会引起奶牛瘤胃内乳酸和挥发性脂肪酸浓度升高,瘤胃液pH降低,导致瘤胃内微生物区系发生改变,从而引起瘤胃内异常代谢产物(细菌内毒素、组胺等)增加,甚至引发亚急性瘤胃酸中毒。其中,组胺是机体内重要的炎性介质,高浓度的组胺转运至血液后可引起机体炎症反应,引起奶牛多种疾病,并使奶牛生产性能下降。本文对奶牛瘤胃异常发酵时组胺的产生和转运以及组胺诱导炎性反应的机制进行综述,同时,介绍一些限制组胺生成和转运的方法,为控制和减少组胺对奶牛的危害提供参考。     

RNA-Seq技术在瘤胃微生物研究中的应用进展

反刍动物瘤胃内多种多样的微生物组成一个复杂的微生态系统,它们在瘤胃内物质消化过程中发挥重要作用。RNA-Seq技术的出现为反刍动物瘤胃微生物的研究提供了前所未有的机遇。本文主要从新一代高通量测序技术出发,阐述RNA-Seq技术在瘤胃微生物代谢酶特性、瘤胃微生物的多样性、瘤胃微生物新功能基因方面的应用,以期为瘤胃微生物的研究提供参考。     

The effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage in Tibet. Four TMR that varied in the forage sources on dry matter basis were used: (i) 52% whole‐plant corn (Control); (ii) 43% oat + 12% common vetch (OC3.6); (iii) 38% oat + 18% common vetch (OC2.2); and (iv) 33% oat + 23% common vetch (OC1.5). Silos were opened on day 45 and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N, and high lactic acid and V‐scores. With the increasing proportion of common vetch, crude protein, ether extract increased (P < 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased (P < 0.05). Under aerobic conditions, treated silages were more stable than the control silage as indicated by lower (P < 0.05) pH and yeast population. It was concluded that replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch had no unfavorable effects on the fermentation quality and improved crude protein content and aerobic stability of TMR silage. OC2.2 silage was the best among three treated TMR silages.     

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308ΔwbkA confers protection against wild-type infection

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308ΔwbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308ΔwbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308ΔwbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308ΔwbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.     

辽宁绒山羊羔羊卵母细胞体外培养技术的研究

本研究以4～8周龄的辽宁绒山羊母羔为研究对象,研究不同激素处理对羔羊卵泡发育数量和发育质量的影响,同时还比较了不同配方的培养液对羔羊卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响.结果表明:最佳的母羔超数排卵方案是依次注射PMSG 400 IU 1次,FSH(加拿大)40 mg 3次,间隔时间12 h;在成熟培养液中添加15％的发情羊血清(ESS)卵母细胞的体外成熟率最高.     

乙酰化处理对樟子松木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响

【目的】探讨乙酰化处理对人工林木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响,为木材颜色调控技术及高耐光染色木材的研发提供理论依据。【方法】以樟子松木粉为试样,加入乙酸酐和二甲苯溶液,在120℃条件下分别反应5,10,20,40,60 min,测试乙酰化处理时间对木粉增重率的影响;分别称取1 g经不同时间乙酰化处理的木粉和未处理木粉,置于 UV老化试验箱内辐射100 h,利用红外光谱分析 UV辐射前后乙酰化木粉化学官能团的变化,通过热重和扫描电镜分析乙酰化木粉的热稳定性及其形貌变化。【结果】随着乙酰化处理时间的延长,樟子松木粉的增重率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在处理40 min 时木粉增重率最大;乙酰化木粉在1741 cm －1和1385 cm －1处的CO,C—H特征吸收峰强度均大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大;UV 辐射后,乙酰化木粉在1508 cm －1处木质素苯环特征吸收峰强度明显大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大,表明木粉经乙酰化处理后光稳定性得到提升;热重分析显示,经乙酰化处理后,木粉热分解所需的温度明显提高,表明乙酰化木粉的热稳定性好于原木粉;扫描电镜分析表明,乙酰化处理可增强木粉微观构造抵抗光劣化的能力。【结论】乙酰化处理能有效抑制樟子松木材的光降解反应并提升其热稳定性。     

湖北省三峡地区天然林生态效益评估

本文采用涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、积累营养物质、净化大气环境和生物多样性保护等9个功能指标,对湖北省三峡地区天然林生态系统服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明:湖北省三峡地区天然林生态系统服务价值为336.66亿元·年-1。其中,固碳释氧、涵养水源和生物多样性保护3项功能价值量最大,分别占该地区天然林生态系统服务总价值的34.94%,30.45%和29.00%;阔叶林生态系统服务功能价值量最大,占该地区天然林生态系统服务总价值的37.54%。固碳释氧、涵养水源和生物多样性保护等功能都发挥着重要的作用,阔叶林在湖北省三峡地区天然林生态系统中具有突出的功能。     

覆土厚度对油松出苗的影响

为了解不同覆土厚度对油松出苗率和出苗指数的影响,进行了油松育苗随机区组试验。结果表明:当播种深度为0.5cm时,出苗率和出苗指数最高;随着覆土厚度的增大,幼苗出苗率也相应降低,当覆土厚度超过2.5cm时,几乎不能出苗。建议生产中油松播种覆土厚度保持在0.5~1.0cm。     

火烧对不同植被恢复类型物种多样性的影响

以山西省三交林场火烧迹地为研究对象,采用群落调查方法,分析了在自然更新下的不同植被恢复类型(油松人工林、灌木林、草本丛)下物种的组成及生物多样性。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,重度火烧后,草本丛的优势种重要值变化不明显,但喜阴耐旱的植物重要值显著升高;而灌木林主要以阳生耐旱草本植物占主要优势;油松人工林林分群落结构变化只是在灌木层和草本层中一些物种的更替。(2)重度火烧后所有植物的Simpson多样性指数均大于对照样地,油松人工林在重度火烧后多样性明显升高,油松人工林草本丛灌木林地。说明重度火烧2a后,不同类型植被恢复仍有一定的变化。