鸡慢性氟中毒部分器官病理变化研究

为了探讨氟中毒对鸡内脏器官的影响,本试验选用36只1日龄罗曼褐蛋鸡,随机分为6组,每组6只,饲喂相同的日粮和进行常规免疫。Ⅱ～Ⅵ组饮水中添加NaF,Ⅰ组饮自来水作对照,试验期90d。捕杀后将部分内脏器官制作石蜡切片,显微镜观察其病理变化。结果表明,氟对实验组的内脏器官组织结构都具有不同程度的损伤。     

刺参生殖周期的研究

本文根据大连沿海刺参生殖腺的活体观察、分期特征以及生殖腺指数、生殖腺主分枝的最大直径和消化管重量的季节变化，研究了刺参的产卵习性及产卵盛期。通过对生殖腺组织学的研究，论述了刺参的性腺发育阶段及其生殖周期。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

围网渔船起网时受力的实测与分析

通过对围网渔船起网过程中所受外力的实测和分析,表明在绞收括纲阶段临近结束时,即底环集中串挂在船舷括纲吊柱处时的外力,最大可达7,140公斤。起网时外力对船作用最终表现为外力矩,其数值与网具的纲索或网衣相对于船的出水点位置以及各种捕捞、起吊设备的安装位置有关,也即与力的作用线方向和作用点有关。作者认为在围网渔船稳性核核中,仅校核起吊底环和绞收网衣时的倾侧力矩是不够的,应选取整个起网过程中最大起网力矩(绞纲阶段末尾的倾侧力矩)用于渔船稳性校核和摇摆计算。     

东海区海洋渔业资源近况浅析

根据渔获产量统计和鱼类生物学资料对东海区海洋渔业资源动态作了分析。结果表明：近几年东海区海洋渔业捕捞产量虽连年增长，但主要是靠大幅度提高捕捞强度等措施获得。渔获物中增加的主要是经济鱼类的幼鱼和低值小杂鱼类，渔获物小型化、低龄化等过度捕捞现象仍然十分严重。渔业资源结构日趋恶化，渔业资源状况并没有明显改善。     

我国大中型水库渔业发展与多功能协调研究

我国水库丰富的水资源、生物资源和较高的生产力,为渔业发展提供了很好的基础.鱼类在水库生态系统中具有重要作用,水库渔业不仅提供优质蛋白质来源,而且还改善水质.发展我国大中型水库渔业有3种模式：①依水库功能定位,有效利用环境协调性模式;②依水质管理目标,科学发展网箱养殖模式;③依生态景观特色,大力发展休闲渔业模式.同时,水库渔业发展应遵循“加强水质动态监测,利用水动力学特性和生物操纵调控水质,与其他功能相协调,大库鱼类增殖与网箱养鱼相协调”的生态管理对策.     

施用不同有机肥对香草兰生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过大田试验研究施用不同有机肥对香草兰生长,叶绿素荧光特性及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:有机肥和生物有机肥混合施用的处理香草兰茎蔓和叶片干重显著高于施用牛粪的处理;施用生物有机肥和有机肥的处理香草兰叶片表观电子光合传递速率(ETR)和实际光化学效率(Yield)无显著性差异,但均显著高于施用牛粪的处理;有机肥和生物有机肥混合施用的处理土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性显著高于施用牛粪的处理。综上所述,有机肥和生物有机肥配合施用可显著促进香草兰生长,提高香草兰的光能利用效率和土壤酶活性。     

Integration of independent component analysis with near infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of rice freshness

The storage time and conditions of rice has an enormous effect on its appearance, flavor, and quality of the nutrients; and the acidity of rice usually increases with prolonged storage. Therefore, evaluation of freshness is an important issue for rice quality. In this study, the NIR (near infrared) spectra combined with independent component analysis (ICA) technique was used to evaluate the rice freshness. A total of 180 white rice samples were collected from 6 crop seasons for the purpose of developing an ICA-NIR based procedure for rice freshness as quantified by pH values. Values of pH were determined by a BTB-MR (bromothymol blue – methyl red) method. The best calibration model of white rice was developed using the smoothed first derivative spectra, five ICs and cross-validation; the results indicated that r² (coefficient of determination) = 0.924, and in units of pH, SEC (standard error of calibration) = 0.145, SEP (standard error of prediction) = 0.146, bias = 0.001, and RPD (residual predictive deviation) = 3.65. Freshness of white rice could be distinguished either visually by a 3-dimensional diagram composed from ICs 2, 3 and 4, or statistically by a calibration model. The results show that ICA with NIR has the potential to be adopted as an effective method for evaluating rice freshness.     

节节麦pbf基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

醇溶蛋白盒结合因子(prolamin-box binding factor,PBF)通过调控籽粒蛋白的表达效率进而影响面粉的加工品质。为给深入研究小麦籽粒PBF对籽粒蛋白质表达调控的分子基础提供参考依据,进而为小麦面粉加工品质的改良提供候选基因资源,利用特异引物组合pbfF1/pbf R1分别从两份节节麦(AS90、AS2386)中克隆出pbf基因后进行序列分析,并进一步构建pbf基因的原核表达体系。结果表明,从两份节节麦中克隆得到了2个不同类型的pbf基因(GenBank登录号分别为KJ544771和KJ544772),其中来源于AS2386的KJ544772与来源于普通六倍体小麦的1个pbf基因序列完全相同。推导的氨基酸序列分析表明,KJ544771和KJ544772所编码的蛋白质均为弱碱性的亲水蛋白,具有典型的DOF蛋白结构域。与其他远缘物种来源的PBF比对结果表明,该类蛋白在NLS核心、DOF结构域及Ser铰链区相对保守,而在C-端调控区变异较大,说明PBF蛋白具有种属特异性。同时,系统演化树显示,来源于节节麦AS2386的pbf基因与迄今已知的全部普通小麦的pbf基因具有高度的相似性,因此推测该种类型的节节麦很可能参与了最初的普通六倍体小麦的形成。此外,本研究成功构建了pbf基因的原核表达体系,可为后续功能验证的开展奠定基础。