木材磁控溅射镀膜金属试验

通过对木材进行封闭处理,在木材表面进行真空磁控溅射镀膜金属试验,在保持木材本身天然特性的同时,使其具有抗电磁辐射功能。对桐木胶合板进行单侧面和双侧面镀铜、铝膜试验,测试其电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明:三聚氰胺甲醛树脂与硅烷偶联剂混合物质对木材进行封闭,真空室的真空度10-2~10-4MPa,靶材温度为200℃,溅射时间为90s的工艺参数理想,获得的薄膜厚度为30μm,木材表层镀铜或是镀铝,双侧镀还是单侧镀,在30MHz~1.5GHZ频段之间,电磁屏蔽效能都能达到30dB以上,满足电磁屏蔽要求。双侧面的效果大于单侧面的效果,镀铜的效果大于镀铝的效果。     

电导法对11种常绿阔叶树种抗寒性的测定

以6年生11种常绿阔叶树种为试材,通过低温处理,用电导法测定叶片相对电导率。用Logistic曲线拟合求出拐点温度(即半致死温度)(tL50),作为各试材抗寒力评价的参考指标,并将11种常绿阔叶树种的半致死温度(tL50)进行比较。结果表明:11种试材抗寒性顺序依次为:北海道黄杨>大叶黄杨>刺桂>石楠>光叶石楠>爬行卫矛>扶芳藤>日本女贞>红叶石楠>桂花>女贞。     

季铵盐阳离子双子表面活性剂C12-2-C12·2Br与HPC在水溶液中的相互作用

采用流变和荧光等方法研究了季铵盐阳离子双子表面活性剂C12-2-C12.2Br(S2)与水溶性高分子羟丙基纤维素(hydroxypropyl cellulose HPC)质量分数1%的水溶液的相互作用。HPC/S2水溶液在剪切速率r=0~700s-1内均表现为牛顿型。混合溶液η0随着表面活性剂浓度的增加开始升高,在表面活性剂浓度约2.0mmol·L-1时出现峰值,然后呈缓慢下降趋势。稳态荧光测定I1/I3及电导测定电导率随S2浓度变化的结果表明:HPC/S2水溶液中两者相互作用,S2在HPC分子上形成了聚集体,临界聚集浓度为0.7mmol·L-1,到2.0mmol·L-1时溶液中自由胶团生成。     

大兴安岭主要可燃物燃烧含碳气体的释放量

采用外业调查和室内控制环境实验相结合的方法,对黑龙江省大兴安岭地区22种(9种乔木、7种灌木和6种草本)可燃物类型燃烧过程中释放的含碳气体(CO2、CO、CxHy)进行了测定,并计算了不同气体的排放因子。结果表明:乔木燃烧释放的含碳气体最多,其次是灌木、草本。乔木释放的CO2排放因子最大,灌木次之,草本最小。     

公牛阉割用自体组织反扎精索止血效果好

我国传统阉割公牛历史悠久,方法多样,效果各异.其目的都是为了使公牛失去生殖能力,改变公牛性能,提高畜产品质量.阉割公牛的手术力求安全、快捷、刺激小,以保证术后恢复快,有效遏制术后并发症的发生.但在临床术例中,精索出血、精索炎、精索瘘时有发生,往往造成二次手术和再次用药治疗,给畜牧业生产带来不良影响.笔者应用牛自体鞘膜韧带反扎精索,替代缝线,在当地乡镇阉割公牛131例,术后并发症少,效果好,现将其中2例的操作方法以及心得体会报告如下,希望能为同行提供借鉴和参考.     

菌材伴栽与天麻高产栽培技术研究

菌材伴栽与培育栽培天麻法与室外林地常规田字格栽培法、菌材+枝条栽培法、双层菌材栽培法和单层菌材栽培法比较,菌材伴栽法能显著提高天麻产量、生物效益、产值和投入产出比等各项经济技术指标,减少了菌材提前培育过程。该方法实用性强,具有应用和推广价值。     

香根草的引种及抗逆性栽培试验

香根草Vetiver zizanioides发达的网状根系,以及净化水体、抗污染的生物学特性使其成为水土保持、改善环境的先锋植物。湖北省林业科学研究院于2003年开始对该草种进行了引种栽培试验。笔者从香根草的生物学特性及抗逆性方面阐述了香根草的推广利用价值。     

Saccharobisindole,Neoasterric Methyl Ester,and 7-Chloro-4(1H)-quinolone: Three New Compounds Isolated from the Marine Bacterium Saccharomonospora sp.

Analysis of the chemical components from the culture broth of the marine bacterium Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490 has yielded three novel compounds: saccharobisindole (1), neoasterric methyl ester (2), and 7-chloro-4(1H)-quinolone (3), in addition to acremonidine E (4), pinselin (5), penicitrinon A (6), and penicitrinon E (7). The chemical structures of the three novel compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. Compound 2 generated weak inhibition activity against Bacillus subtilis KCTC2441 and Staphylococcus aureus KCTC1927 at concentrations of 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively, whereas compounds 1 and 3 did not have any observable effects. In addition, compound 2 displayed weak anti-quorum sensing (QS) effects against S. aureus KCTC1927 and Micrococcus luteus SCO560.     

Meta-analysis of fungicide efficacy on soybean target spot and cost–benefit assessment

Target spot of soybean has spread in Brazil, the southeastern United States and Argentina in the last decade. A collaborative network of field Uniform Fungicide Trials (UFT) in Brazil was created in 2011 to study the target spot control efficacy of fungicides, including azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr (AZ_BF), carbendazim (CZM), fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (FLUX_PYRA), epoxiconazole + FLUX_PYRA (EPO_FLUX_PYRA), mancozeb (MZB) and prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin (PROT_TRIF). Network meta-analysis was used to conduct a quantitative synthesis of UFT data collected from 2012 to 2016 and to evaluate the effects of disease pressure (DP, low ≤ 35% target spot severity in the nontreated control < high) and year of experiment on the overall mean efficacy and yield response to each of the tested fungicides. Based on mean percentage control of target spot severity, the tested fungicides fall into three efficacy groups (EG): high EG, FLUX_PYRA (76.2% control relative to the nontreated control) and EPO_FLUX_PYRA (75.7% control); intermediate EG, PROT_TRIF (66.5% control) and low EG, MZB (49.6% control), AZ_BF (46.7% control) and CZM (32.4% control). DP had a significant effect on yield response. At DP_Low, the highest response was due to PROT_TRIF (+342 kg ha⁻¹, +12.8%) and EPO_FLUX_PYRA (+295.5 kg ha⁻¹, +11.2%), whereas at DP_High, EPO_FLUX_PYRA and FLUX_PYRA outperformed the other treatments, with yield responses of 503 kg ha⁻¹ (+20.2%) and 469 kg ha⁻¹ (+19.1%), respectively. The probability of a positive return on fungicide investment ranged from 0.26 to 0.56 at DP_Low and from 0.34 to 0.66 at DP_High.     

Spatial patterns of the Citrus leprosis virus and its associated mite vector in systems without intervention

Leprosis is caused by the Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type and is vectored by the mite Brevipalpus yothersi. Miticide applications, which cost $54 million annually, are based on inspection for the presence of mites. The aim of the present study was to characterize the spatial patterns of B. yothersi-infested trees and trees with leprosis symptoms for further improvement in sampling and disease control. The presence of mites and the occurrence of leprosis were assessed over two years in 1160 Valencia trees and 720 Natal trees in a commercial sweet orange grove in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To assess the natural growth and dispersal of mites and leprosis, mite populations were not controlled during the experimental period. Maps of mite-infested trees and trees with leprosis symptoms were analysed at three different levels of spatial hierarchy using complementary methods, i.e. among adjacent trees within and across rows, within quadrats, and the strength and orientation of aggregation among quadrats. The study showed that the spatial patterns of virus-infected and mite-infested trees were different, with a strong aggregation pattern of trees with leprosis symptoms that increased over time. Conversely, the spatial pattern of B. yothersi showed randomness or weak aggregation at all three spatial hierarchical levels. Disease incidence increased steadily in plots of both cultivars, unlike in mite-infested trees where incidence fluctuated over time. These results have important implications for the development of better management strategies for leprosis. Sampling methods and action thresholds for mite control should consider primary disease inoculum in addition to the incidence of mites.