Use of Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Quantify Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Alpaca Serum

Background

Rapid, economical, and quantitative assays for measurement of camelid serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) are limited. In camelids, failure of transfer of maternal immunoglobulins has a reported prevalence of up to 20.5%. An accurate method for quantifying serum IgG concentrations is required.

Objective

To develop an infrared spectroscopy‐based assay for measurement of alpaca serum IgG and compare its performance to the reference standard radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay.

Animals

One hundred and seventy‐five privately owned, healthy alpacas.

Methods

Eighty‐two serum samples were collected as convenience samples during routine herd visits whereas 93 samples were recruited from a separate study. Serum IgG concentrations were determined by RID assays and midinfrared spectra were collected for each sample. Fifty samples were set aside as the test set and the remaining 125 training samples were employed to build a calibration model using partial least squares (PLS) regression with Monte Carlo cross validation to determine the optimum number of PLS factors. The predictive performance of the calibration model was evaluated by the test set.

Results

Correlation coefficients for the IR‐based assay were 0.93 and 0.87, respectively, for the entire data set and test set. Sensitivity in the diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) ([IgG] <1,000 mg/dL) was 71.4% and specificity was 100% for the IR‐based method (test set) as gauged relative to the RID reference method assay.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This study indicated that infrared spectroscopy, in combination with chemometrics, is an effective method for measurement of IgG in alpaca serum.     

Genetic variation and selection of introduced provenances of Siberian Pine （Pinus sibirica） in frigid regions of the Greater Xing’an Range,Northeast China

Siberian Pine （Pinus sibirica） is an ecologically and eco-nomically important species in pristine forests throughout northern Rus-sia. Four provenances of P. sibirica were introduced from Mongolia and Russia to the Greater Xing’an Range （the Daxing’anling）, northeast China in 1993. The aim of this research was to study genetic variation and selection of the introduced four Pinus sibirica provenances. Heights （H）, basal diameters （BD）, survival rates （SR） and crown lengths （CL） of different families were measured as primary outcomes in different growth years. Results of data analyses demonstrated high coefficients of phenotypic variation （PCV） and heritability （H2） for H, BD and CL at 18 years after introduction. PCV and H2 increased with age. Correlations of＆amp;nbsp;growth traits between any two growth years were all significantly positive, but the correlation coefficient was smaller when the growth year interval was larger. Correlations between H and the original environment factors decreased gradually, indicating that with long-term subsistence in the new environment, the influence of the source environment declined. Colligation of multiple traits to estimate provenances showed that Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Altai Mountains had higher survival rates and biomass, and proved more suitable for introduction and plantation in the Greater Xing’an Range in China.     

城市轨道交通上盖物业振动及噪声影响研究进展

阐述了城市轨道交通上盖物业振动和噪声影响研究进展,为城市轨道交通上盖物业前期规划建设提供参考性依据。     

大竹蛏亲体暂养技术简报

通过对大竹蛏(Solen grandis Dunker)亲蛏(体长9～12 cm,体重45.76±6.78 g)从采捕运输到人工暂养培育的一系列试验工作,结果表明:亲蛏的挑选以体长9~13 cm、活泼健康、肥满度好的3龄个体为最佳。经7天试验,采用细沙作为底质进行亲蛏暂养的效果良好,成活率达98.5％,个体排卵量约300万粒;不铺任何底质暂养的亲蛏,成活率仅16.4％.不能正常排放精卵。     

Effects of superfine grinding on the quality characteristics of whole-wheat flour and its raw noodle product

Four particle size distributions of whole-wheat flour (WWF) with mean particle sizes (MZ) of 125-μm, 96-μm, 72-μm, and 43-μm were obtained by superfine grinding. Starch damage and Farinograph water absorption were significantly affected by the reduction of particle size, while dough development time, stability, tolerance index and time to breakdown of WWF were little changed. The peak viscosity, trough, and final viscosity of WWF significantly decreased as particle size reduced. Although finer WWFs produced by superfine grinding caused more discoloration of whole-wheat noodle (WWN) after 24 h storage, they still showed brighter noodle appearance (higher L^∗) than coarser WWFs. A significant increase in the cooking yield of WWN was noticed from the 125-μm WWF group to the 43-μm group, perhaps due to increasing damaged starch, while the 72-μm group exhibited the smallest cooking loss of WWN. Additionally, the hardness, cohesiveness, and resilience values of texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked WWN significantly increased from the 125-μm group to the 72-μm group, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the 72-μm group revealed the largest coverage of starch granules and degree of protein network connectivity among the WWF groups. The results demonstrated that the superfine grinding technique could improve the quality of WWN by significantly reducing the particle size of WWFs.     

Morphological structures of the cellulose hybrids containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and their application for removing C.I. Reactive Red 250

Cellulose hybrids containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were synthesized by crosslinking reaction. The chemical and morphological structures of the hybrids were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The hybrids were used for adsorbing C.I. Reactive Red 250 in aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetic and equilibrium isotherm of the cellulose hybrids for the dye were investigated. The hybrids formed new adsorptive positions for dyes because of a nanometer-sized cubic core and numerous organic functional groups (-C-N-). The adsorption capacity of the hybrid materials was significantly higher than that of the control cellulose. The adsorption of the dye on the hybrids was good fit with Langmuir isotherm equation and the second-order model. The apparent activation energy of the dye on the hybrid was 14.87 kJ/mol.     

N transformation mechanisms and N dynamics of organic fertilisers as partial substitutes for chemical fertilisers in paddy soils

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Knowledge of nitrogen (N) dynamics of organic fertilisers as partial substitutes for chemical fertilisers could improve the retention of mineral N and optimise...     

山西各类沙棘叶总黄酮的含量测定

目的：研究山西不同产地及不同采收期各类沙棘叶中总黄酮的含量,为评价与开发利用沙棘叶资源提供依据。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定沙棘叶中的总黄酮含量。结果：5月-7月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量相对较高;沁源和方山产区的沙棘叶中总黄酮含量较高。同时看到,普遍沙棘桔红果叶总黄酮含量高于橙黄果叶;沙棘雌株叶总黄酮含量高于雄株叶。结论：6月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量最高,沁源和方山地区可能为山西沙棘叶的最佳产区。     

超声波在原木内部传播理论研究

超声波技术在木材无损检测中已有广泛的应用,尤其是一些研究表明超声波在原木内部的传播规律对无损检测效果产生重要影响.根据弹性波在固体介质中的传播理论,通过对微小单元体的受力分析,得出弹性动力学运动微分方程,并在此基础上,根据正交各向异性介质的弹性常数,应力与应变之间的相互关系,几何方程（应变和位移的关系）以及超声波传播（无旋波）的方向向量,最终得出以位移表示的运动微分方程;然后利用分离变量法,建立超声波在原木内部传播过程中的位移方程和速度方程.