南方水稻区域试验品种对水稻白叶枯病抗性调查

1983-2007年,对南方稻区水稻区域试验品种、组合的白叶枯病抗性进行了研究。结果表明,在1 805个参试品种、组合中,78个表现抗白叶枯病,抗病品种频率为4.3%;其中,常规水稻74个,占抗病品种的94.9%。在1 219个籼型杂交水稻中,抗病的组合3个,中抗的76个,抗病和中抗组合频率分别为0.2%和6.2%。不同类型和不同生态型水稻的抗病品种频率差异显著,晚粳>早籼>中籼>晚籼;常规水稻>杂交水稻。籼型杂交水稻中抗病组合频率为:杂交晚稻>杂交早稻>杂交中稻。1990-2004年,17个抗或中抗白叶枯病的优良水稻新品种、组合通过国家审定。     

Prophylactic use of decoquinate for infections with Cryptosporidium parvum in experimentally challenged neonatal calves

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of daily oral administration of decoquinate to neonatal calves experimentally challenged with various numbers of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 75 calves. PROCEDURE: Calves were purchased from a commercial dairy during a 5-week period. Calves were housed in individual hutches and fed milk replacer with or without decoquinate (2 mg/kg [0.9 mg/lb per day]). Calves were randomly assigned to treatment and 1 of 5 challenge groups (0, 50, 100, 1000, or 10,000 C. parvum oocysts in 60 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution administered p.o. on the day after arrival). Calves were maintained in the study for as long as 28 days. Calves were clinically assessed for diarrhea and dehydration. Fecal samples were submitted for oocyst enumeration 3 times each week. RESULTS: Treatment did not affect number of days to first watery feces (diarrhea), number of days to first oocyst shedding, or duration of diarrhea or oocyst shedding. Duration of oocyst shedding was significantly associated with challenge dose of oocysts administered to calves and number of days to first oocyst shedding. Duration of diarrhea and number of days to first oocyst shedding were significantly associated with week of arrival and number of days to first watery diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Daily treatment with decoquinate at the dosage used in this study did not affect oocyst shedding or clinical signs associated with cryptosporidiosis. However, there was an indication that if the number of oocysts calves received could be reduced, then the duration of oocyst shedding and, hence, environmental loading of C. parvum oocysts could be reduced.     

不同轮作模式下小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的发生动态和种群密度

轮作是防治小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的重要农业措施,为了明确青海省春麦区不同轮作模式对小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的控制效果,采用田间大区试验法对生产中应用的6种轮作模式进行了研究。结果表明:不同轮作模式下,小麦禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度变化差异极显著,其中小麦与马铃薯、油菜、蚕豆轮作两年或以上能有效降低小麦禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度,土壤中的孢囊量减少39.31%~84.39%,单孢虫口数量减少73.21%~95.35%,虫口密度减少83.76%~97.82%;不同作物间,小麦与马铃薯或蚕豆的轮作效果(虫口密度减少74.39%~79.37%)显著优于小麦与油菜的轮作效果(虫口密度减少67.16%)。在同一地块相同条件下,种植油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯、小麦4种作物,小麦禾谷孢囊线虫均能正常孵化,4月底土壤中的2龄幼虫(J2)量增加,5月上旬达到高峰期,5月中旬开始,土壤中的J2、孢囊量、虫口密度和单孢虫口数量均急剧下降,6月至7月份下降幅度小,趋于稳定;田间空孢囊率于5月中旬至6月中旬急剧增加,7月份趋于稳定,8月份以前,4种作物田禾谷孢囊线虫的孵化动态和种群密度变化趋势一致,8月中旬,小麦田随着新孢囊脱落到土壤中,禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度开始上升,小麦收获后土壤中的孢囊量比播种前增加28.62%,虫口密度增加41.30%;而油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯田土壤中的孢囊量比播种前减少32.27%~48.36%,虫口密度减少70.91%~81.73%,8月中旬至10月份小麦田禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度极显著高于油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯田。     

4种狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的评价

为评价国产狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的性能,选择4种国产品牌ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,分别检测463份已用荧光抗体病毒中和试验（FAVN）测知狂犬病病毒抗体效价的犬血清,用Kappa检验和配对卡方检验评价ELISA试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的一致性和差异性,计算ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、符合率和重复性等,并比较4种试剂盒的使用范围、样品稀释倍数等参数。结果显示：经Kappa检验,4种试剂盒与FAVN一致性均为弱;经配对卡方检验,A、B试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的差异不显著（P> 0.05）,而C、D试剂盒差异显著（P <0.05）。诊断敏感性,D试剂盒最高,B试剂盒最低;4种试剂盒诊断特异性均较低,为29.5%～57.7%;各试剂盒符合率相当,为71.3%～72.8%。综合敏感性、特异性、重复性等考量因素,得出C试剂盒更能满足免疫后抗体检测需求,A试剂盒也较好,两者可作为候选试剂盒。结果表明,4种国产狂犬病病毒ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、批间稳定性等性能需进一步提高,以满足基层免疫抗体监测需求。     

串叶松香草的引种研究

通过对串叶松香草的形态特征、生物学特性、产量及营养价值等项目的观察和测定,对其利用价值进行了综合评价,指出串叶松香草是一种有前途的优质多年生牧草.     

山东省棕榈蓟马田间种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用叶管药膜法测定了山东省4个蔬菜产区棕榈蓟马对7种杀虫剂的抗药性水平。结果表明,供试药剂毒力由大到小依次为多杀霉素甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐吡虫啉噻虫嗪吡蚜酮高效氯氟氰菊酯辛硫磷;济南、聊城和泰安地区的棕榈蓟马种群对7种药剂基本处于敏感状态,寿光地区的棕榈蓟马对多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮产生了6.99~10.83倍的低水平抗性。     

优质白菜新品种‘暑绿’

 ‘暑绿’系白菜一代杂种，亲本为SW-13和SU-124(矮×苏)。该品种株型直立、束腰，叶片近圆形、翠绿色，叶柄半圆、绿白色。品质佳，株型美观，叶片与叶柄质量比值为0.67，单株质量0.40 kg。高抗炭疽病，抗TuMV、霜霉病和黑斑病。适宜在喜食青梗菜的地区作夏菜、秋菜和秋冬菜栽培。     

洋葱不同品种和播期对先期抽薹率及产量的影响

对3个洋葱品种的4个播种期进行比较试验,结果表明,洋葱先期抽薹率与品种和播种期密切相关,产量与先期抽薹率呈显著负相关。江苏地区适宜的播期为9月中下旬,9866为较适宜的品种。     

湖北和安徽省油菜病毒病调查和病毒血清鉴定

2003年秋至2005年春2个油菜生长季分别到湖北和安徽2省12县市油菜产区进行病毒病发病情况调查,除局部地区和地块发病率达到20%～40%,多数大面积油菜发病率在0.1%以下。应用间接酶联免疫吸附法检测258份病害样品,TuMV占样品总数的90.7%,CMV占样品总数的8.9%,ORMV占样品总数的0.8%。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫拉沙里菌素抗性虫株的实验室诱导

采用实验室建立抗性虫株的方法,用４０、６０、７５、１０５、１２５、１３５μｇ／ｇ梯度的拉沙里菌素作用于柔嫩艾美耳球虫盐霉素敏感株和盐霉素抗性株,经过１５次继代,诱导产生了对１３５μｇ／ｇ拉沙里菌素的抗药性虫株。在同一诱导条件下,盐霉素敏感株和盐霉素抗性株对拉沙里菌素产生抗药性的时值和强度没有差异。