病坝识别及其拆除决策步骤研究

决定一座大坝是否被拆除需要考虑一系列复杂的社会、经济和环境问题。本文在收集大量文献和已有的研究基础上,制定了病坝拆除决策步骤流程图,该流程图由若干个决策步骤和关键问题组成,这些步骤和关键问题有利于决策者很好的分析和收集相关资料、数据,同时流程图可以帮助我们明确什么目标导致病坝拆除,拆除前什么问题是我们最值得关心的问题。而对于大坝拥有者而言,该决策步骤可以帮助他们正确认识大坝拆除的全过程,以及妥善处理大坝拆除前后可能需要面对和解决的社会、经济、工程及生态问题。     

复杂注水系统泵站优化调度的改进遗传算法

以耗电量最小为目标函数,排量、压力等限制为约束条件,建立了复杂注水系统泵站优化调度数学模型.针对系统运行特点,采用改进遗传算法对模型进行求解,同时优化出泵的运行状态和排量.改进遗传算法采用实数编码,并设计了随机多父辈交叉方法,改进了变异操作,操作过程中,给出了泵排量的处理方法,使各水量约束条件得到满足,大大减少了不可行解的产生,使算法的优化性能得到了提高.算例说明了该优化方法的有效性.     

我国精细农业的应用研究

生物遗传育种技术的进步以及化肥、农药的使用,推动了世界农业的发展。但这种农业增长模式也带来了水土流失、生态环境恶化、生物多样性遭到破坏等诸多问题。在解决这些问题的进程中,逐渐形成了精细农业的理论体系。对精细农业技术思想、技术体系、技术应用的发展情况进行了研究,并结合我国具体情况,分析了精细农业在我国的应用前景。     

法库县玉米全程机械化技术的推广与应用

介绍法库县玉米全程机械化的发展情况、技术特点以及整地、播种、中耕、收获等主要环节的技术规范．并将实施玉米生产机械化的地块与传统耕作地块进行了试验对比,表明玉米全程机械化生产技术具有节种、节肥、省工、节支、增产的效果。针对玉米全程机械化的薄弱环节,剖析了玉米收获环节发展滞后的原因,提出了解决问题的对策。     

连栋棚室环境因子集中监测系统的研究

针对目前棚室环境监控系统实时性和可靠性差,价格昂贵以及操作复杂等缺陷,开发了基于CAN总线的连栋棚室环境因子集中监测系统.系统采用单片机控制、总线挂接式结构,通过CAN总线实现监测单元与显示控制单元之间的通信.经实际应用验证,该系统能实现多栋棚室环境因子的集中在线监测,监测准确,完全满足设施农业的生产要求,此外系统结构简单、操作灵活,成本低廉,具有很好的实用推广价值.     

精准施药技术的研究与应用现状

介绍精准施药技术在国内外的研究现状.指出应用精准施药技术可以提高农药的利用率、降低农产品中的农药残留、减少农药漂移对环境造成的污染等作用,分析我国精准施药技术的应用现状及存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策.     

沈玉糯32号品种特性及栽培技术研究

介绍鲜食糯质玉米新品种--沈玉糯32号的品种来源及选育经过,分析该品种的特征特性,通过产量观察试验证明,沈玉糯32号明显比对照垦糯1号具有产量高、抗病性强、品质优等特点,是一个适应性广的优质品种,适宜进行大面积推广种植,并总结出其制种与高产栽培过程中应掌握的技术要点.     

我国现代农业发展研究

建设现代农业是当今农业和农村工作的主题.介绍现代农业的含义与特点,通过对国内外现代农业发展现状进行对比,阐述我国发展现代农业的必要性,提出我国现代农业发展的有效途径,以实现农业产业化和农村现代化,缩小城乡差别,提高农民收入,改善农民生活.     

Immobilization antigen-independent protection of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) infection

To determine whether olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) immunized with lysate of Philasterides dicentrarchi could be protected immobilization antigen (i-antigen) type independently, fish were immunized with lysate of ciliates obtained from in vitro cultures or ciliates obtained from infected fish. Fish immunized with ciliates obtained from infected fish were completely protected against artificial infection with in vitro cultured P. dicentrarchi, in spite of a weak or no serum agglutination activity against in vitro cultured ciliates. The present results indicate that i-antigen-independent protection was elicited by immunization of fish with the ciliates lysate, and the cultured ciliates would provide a good source for preparation of vaccines, which are cross-protective against various i-antigen types of P. dicentrarchi.     

Application of the rpoS gene for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in flounder and prawn by polymerase chain reaction

Vibrio anguillarum , an opportunistic fish pathogen, is the main species responsible for vibriosis, a disease that affects feral and farmed fish and shellfish, and causes considerable economic losses in marine aquaculture. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect V. anguillarum . PCR specificity was evaluated by amplifying the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, in six strains of V. anguillarum and 36 other bacterial species. PCR amplified a species-specific fragment (689 bp) from V. anguillarum . Furthermore, the PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect rpoS expression from 3 pg of genomic DNA , or from six colony-forming units (CFU) mL⁻¹ of cultured V. anguillarum . However, the assay was less sensitive when genomic DNA from the infected flounder and prawn was used (limit of detection, 50 ng and 10 ng g⁻¹ tissue, respectively). These data demonstrate that PCR amplification of the rpoS gene is a sensitive and species-specific method to detect V. anguillarum in practical situations.