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121.
Cede SUASTIKA Tomohide NATSUAKI Hirotsugu TERUI Takeshi KANO Hiroyuki IEKI Seiichi OKUDA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(1):73-77
The complete nucleotide sequence of a seedling-yellows-inducing isolate NUagA of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was determined. It consisted of 19302 nucleotides and contained 12 open reading frames (ORF) organized identically to
those of previously sequenced isolates. This genome is the largest among the CTV genome sequenced so far ; it is 6 nucleotides
(nt), 76 nt, 43 nt, and 53 nt longer than that of T36 (quick decline, Florida), VT (seedling yellows, Israel), T385 (mild,
Spain), and SY568 (stem pitting, California), respectively. Sequence comparison of NUagA and the other isolates revealed approximately
90% identities throughout the 3′ half of the genome. The 5′ half of the genome was only about 70% identical to that of T36
but still high at about 90% to those of VT, SY568, and T385. Comparison of amino acid sequences on ORF1a encoding polyproteins,
the most variable region, reflects the CTV isolate relationship ; NUagA is closely related to VT, SY568, and T385, but distantly
related to T36.
Received 29 May 2000/ Accepted in revised form 16 November 2000 相似文献
122.
123.
Takanori Imai Hideyuki Goto Hiroyuki Matsumura Seiichi Yasuda 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(2):164-169
To radiolabel xylan in mature cell walls selectively, magnolia (Magnolia kobus DC.) was administered withmyo-inositol-[2-3H] and allowed to metabolize for 1 month. The radiolabeled xylem tissue was then submitted to sulfuric acid hydrolysis and nitrobenzene oxidation. A large amount of radioactivity was found mainly in xylose, although slight activities were detected in glucose and in vanillin and syringaldehyde. The labeled tissue was submitted to a preparation of holocellulose followed by treatment with 24% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Radioactivity was distributed mainly in the KOH-soluble part of the holocellulose. These results indicate that most radioactivity was incorporated into xylan in the cell walls. The distribution of the incorporated radioactivity in the xylem tissue was visualized by microautoradiography. Radioactivities were distributed in the xylem more than 400 m from the cambium; and an inner layer of a secondary wall had formed at the labeled xylem. Consequently, selective radio-labeling of xylan was visualized in mature cell walls.Part of this report was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kouchi, April 1997 相似文献
124.
The lignin biosynthetic pathway in Eucalyptus camaldulensis was investigated by feeding stems with deuterium-labeled precursor. Pentadeutero[,-D2 OCD3] coniferyl alcohol was synthesized and supplied to shoots of E. camaldulensis, and incorporation of the labeled precursor into lignin was traced by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition to the direct incorporation of labeled precursor into the guaiacyl unit, a pentadeuterium-labeled syringyl unit was detected. This finding indicates that the -deuterium atoms in the hydroxymethyl group of labeled coniferyl alcohol remain intact during modification of the aromatic ring. The relative level of trideuterium-labeled syringyl monomer (the result of conversion via the cinnamic acid pathway) was negligible, suggesting that the pathway at the monolignol stage is used for conversion of exogenously supplied precursor. Our results provide conclusive evidence of a novel alternative pathway for generation of lignin subunits at the monolignol stage even in plants that do not accumulate coniferin in lignifying tissues. 相似文献
125.
Seiichi Furuya Shunji Suzuki Hironori Kobayashi Seiya Saito Tsutomu Takayanagi 《Pest management science》2009,65(8):840-843
BACKGROUND: The increasing occurrence of Qo inhibitor (QoI)‐fungicide‐resistant Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew worldwide. RESULTS: The authors have developed a rapid method for detecting resistance to a QoI fungicide, azoxystrobin, in P. viticola populations using the nested PCR‐RFLP method. With this method, a glycine‐to‐alanine substitution was discovered at codon 143 in the cytochrome b gene of P. viticola populations found in Japan. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the nested PCR‐RFLP method is a high‐speed, sensitive and reliable tool for detecting azoxystrobin‐resistant P. viticola populations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
126.
We analyzed the histopathological changes and the number of motor neurons (MNs) in the lumbar spinal cord of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase transgenic (SOD1G93ATg) mice, which are frequently used as a disease model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In SOD1G93ATg mice, hyaline inclusions and foamy vacuoles in the neuronal cell body were observed at 7 weeks of age before neurologic symptoms, and large vacuoles, spheroid formation, and nerve cell aggregation became prominent after 13 weeks of age. The number of healthy MNs was 28.7 to 37.1 cells/animal in wild-type mice and 9.3 to 13.6 cells/animal in transgenic (Tg) mice. Furthermore, the number of MNs, including degenerative neurons, in Tg mice was 27.3–36.1 cells/animal at 18 weeks of age and 17.8–19.6 cells/animal at 21 weeks of age. The present results provide useful information for the development of drugs in ALS treatment. 相似文献
127.
128.
Saline soils hamper various physiological functions in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. One example is the reduction in nitrogen (N) uptake capacity, a major dysfunction that limits soybean growth and yield under saline conditions. Previous studies have revealed that tolerance to salinity varies with cultivar; however, the cultivars used in these studies were selected solely based on agro-morphological traits. In this study, we examined genotypic variation in salinity tolerance among 85 soybean genotypes which were selected based on an assessment of both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers and agro-morphological traits. Additionally, we examined whether salt tolerance is associated with nodulation and N uptake. We used a subset of the world soybean mini-core collection (80 cultivars) and an additional five cultivars/genetic lines (NILs72-T, NILs72-S, Enrei, En-b0-1, and En1282). All plants were grown in pots and treated with saline (final concentration of 150 mM NaCl) during the vegetative growth stage. To evaluate salinity tolerance, we used the ratio of saline-treated (S) to control (C) plant total dry weight [DW (S/C)]. The ratio differed markedly according to genotype. Furthermore, salinity-tolerant genotypes exhibited superior nodulation, leaf greenness, and N uptake under saline conditions. These results indicate that there is a marked genotypic variation in salinity tolerance, and that the tolerant genotypes exhibit greater nodulation and N uptake, although further studies are needed to clarify whether the superior nodulation and N uptake of salinity-tolerant genotypes are responsible for the observed tolerance. 相似文献
129.
Hitoshi Kubota Katsutoshi Watanabe Yoko Kakehi Seiichi Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(3):494-502
ABSTRACT: The Japanese bitterling Tanakia tanago (Cyprinidae) is on the verge of extinction in the wild, placing great importance on captive breeding programs for current conservation of the species. However, the loss of genetic diversity during captive breeding is an ongoing matter of concern. Since some captive populations have been almost monomorphic in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), this hampers assessments of their genetic diversity during captive breeding. To more accurately assess their genetic diversity, one wild and three captive populations were examined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Estimates of average heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity ranged 0.0479–0.1920 and 0.0023–0.0088, respectively, enabling comparison of genetic diversity among the wild and captive populations, and among year-classes of captive populations. Significant differences in numbers of amplified fragments and proportions of polymorphic fragments were observed among year-classes of all populations. The indices of genetic diversity calculated from AFLP seemed to be, however, less sensitive to weak bottlenecks. No continuous decrease in genetic diversity in nuclear DNA was detected in presently captive populations. This supports the possibility of re-introduction of the captive populations into the original habitats, although survival and reproductive ability in the wild must be taken into consideration. 相似文献
130.
In Japan, most of the paddy fields are laid out on alluvial plain while other land crop fields are developed on plateau. The greater part of the latter ccnsists of volcanic ash soils. 相似文献