全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8362篇 |
免费 | 396篇 |
国内免费 | 57篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 1415篇 |
农学 | 212篇 |
基础科学 | 60篇 |
1353篇 | |
综合类 | 754篇 |
农作物 | 265篇 |
水产渔业 | 363篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 3698篇 |
园艺 | 216篇 |
植物保护 | 479篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 100篇 |
2020年 | 141篇 |
2019年 | 71篇 |
2018年 | 212篇 |
2017年 | 186篇 |
2016年 | 218篇 |
2015年 | 180篇 |
2014年 | 166篇 |
2013年 | 422篇 |
2012年 | 388篇 |
2011年 | 364篇 |
2010年 | 235篇 |
2009年 | 160篇 |
2008年 | 312篇 |
2007年 | 371篇 |
2006年 | 331篇 |
2005年 | 281篇 |
2004年 | 263篇 |
2003年 | 232篇 |
2002年 | 216篇 |
2001年 | 164篇 |
2000年 | 156篇 |
1999年 | 125篇 |
1992年 | 104篇 |
1991年 | 120篇 |
1990年 | 142篇 |
1989年 | 148篇 |
1988年 | 124篇 |
1987年 | 102篇 |
1986年 | 111篇 |
1985年 | 109篇 |
1984年 | 103篇 |
1983年 | 88篇 |
1982年 | 63篇 |
1981年 | 55篇 |
1979年 | 113篇 |
1978年 | 90篇 |
1977年 | 68篇 |
1976年 | 52篇 |
1975年 | 71篇 |
1974年 | 87篇 |
1973年 | 103篇 |
1972年 | 75篇 |
1971年 | 91篇 |
1970年 | 85篇 |
1969年 | 88篇 |
1968年 | 68篇 |
1967年 | 68篇 |
1965年 | 60篇 |
排序方式: 共有8815条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
141.
E López Agüero N Bosch Bosch C Barrera Vázquez B López Ruiz 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(11):4682-4685
A new, simple, precise, and rapid ion chromatography (IC) method has been developed to determine chloride in mustard sauces using a mixture of phthalic acid, acetone, and water adjusted to pH 5.0 as eluent. Conductometric detection was carried out. The retention time for chloride was 1.5 min. Linearity was obtained up to a concentration level of 100 mg/L NaCl. The method was statistically evaluated for accuracy and precision after being used to assay the chloride from mustard sauces. Within the same samples, the chloride levels obtained by IC were compared with the sodium concentrations quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 相似文献
142.
Mathias?FosuEmail author Ronald?F.?Kühne Paul?L.?G.?Vlek 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,39(2):117-122
In order to understand the efficiency of residue-N use and to estimate the minimum input required to obtain a reasonable level of crop response, it is important to quantify the fate of the applied organic-N. The recovery of N from 15N-labelled Crotalaria juncea was followed in the soil and the succeeding maize crop. Apparent N recovery (ANR) by maize from unlabelled Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria retusa, Calopogonium mucunoides, Mucuna pruriens and mineral fertilizer at three locations were also evaluated. The maize crop recovered 4.7% and 7.3% of the 15N-labelled C. juncea-N at 42 days after sowing (DAS) and at final harvest, respectively. The corresponding 15N recovery from the soil was 92.4% and 58.5%. The highest mean ANR of 57.4% was with mineral fertilizer, whereas the mean ANR of 14.3% from C. retusa was the lowest. A large pool substitution and added-N interaction effect was observed when comparing N recovery from the labelled and unlabelled C. juncea. The amount of residue-N accounted for by the isotope dilution method at 42 DAS was 97.1% and at final harvest 65.8%. The large residue-N recovery in the soil organic-N pool explains the residual effect usually observed with organic residue application. 相似文献
143.
Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yonca Karagül-Yüceer Keith R Cadwallader MaryAnne Drake 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(2):305-312
Nonfat dry milk (NDM) is widely used both as an ingredient in other preparations and for direct consumption. Flavor quality of NDM is a critical parameter because it can directly impact final product quality. Flavors can be formed in NDM during subsequent storage. Identification of compounds responsible for storage-induced flavors is necessary to correlate sensory quality with potential sources of the flavors. Six NDM samples were selected for volatile flavor analysis based on sensory analysis and storage time. Volatile components were extracted by direct solvent extraction/high vacuum distillation. Volatile extracts were separated into neutral/basic and acidic fractions and analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). A variety of aldehydes, ketones, and free fatty acids were responsible for generation of flavors in stored NDM. The following compounds exhibited high aroma impact by AEDA: 3-(methylthio)propanal (boiled potato); o-aminoacetophenone (corn tortilla); 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone and 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (burnt sugar); butanoic acid (cheesy); pentanoic acid (sweaty); acetic and hexanoic acids (sour/vinegar); octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic acids (waxy); p-cresol (cowy/barny); 3-methylindole (fecal); dimethyl trisulfide (cabbage); (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (fried/fatty); furfuryl alcohol (rubber/vitamin); phenylacetic acid (rose-like); and 1-octen-3-one (mushroom). 相似文献
144.
Use of nootkatone as a senescence indicator for Rouge La Toma Cv. grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.)
Biolatto A Sancho AM Cantet RJ Güemes DR Pensel NA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(17):4816-4819
The objective of this research was to study the usefulness of nootkatone as a senescence indicator for Rouge La Toma cv. grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.), simulating different treatments that included the normal postharvest handling of citrus fruits: temperature conditioning, cold storage, shipment periods to overseas markets such as Japan and the U.S., marketing conditions, and storage at nonchilling temperature (control treatments). The highest nootkatone levels, determined by GLC-MS analyses, were detected in fruits subjected to control treatments. No significant differences were observed in nootkatone levels between treatments either with or without temperature conditioning prior to the start of the cold storage. Levels of nootkatone increased throughout time for all assayed treatments. The linear regressions of nootkatone levels showed correlation coefficients of 0.80 and 0.83 with storage time (29 and 42 days, respectively). Therefore, nootkatone appears to be a good indicator of senescence for Rouge La Toma grapefruit. 相似文献
145.
Y Karagül-Yüceer M A Drake K R Cadwallader 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(6):2948-2953
Application of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) on the volatile components of low-, medium-, and high-heat-treated nonfat dry milks (NDM) revealed aroma-active compounds in the log(3) flavor dilution (log(3) FD) factor range of 1 to 6. The following compounds contributed the highest log(3) FD factors to overall NDM flavor: 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone [(Furaneol), burnt sugar-like]; butanoic acid (rancid); 3-(methylthio)propanal [(methional), boiled potato-like]; o-aminoacetophenone (grape-like); delta-decalactone (sweet); (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (metallic); pentanoic acid (sweaty); 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone [(sotolon), curry]; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [(vanillin), vanilla]; 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline (popcorn-like); hexanoic acid (vinegar-like); phenylacetic acid (rose-like); octanoic acid (waxy); nonanal (fatty); and 1-octen-3-one (mushroom-like). The odor intensities of Furaneol, butanoic acid, methional, o-aminoacetophenone, sotolon, vanillin, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, and phenylacetic acid were higher in high-heat-treated samples than others. However, the odor intensities of lactones, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline were not affected by heat treatment. Sensory evaluation results also revealed that heat-generated flavors have a major impact on the flavor profile of NDM. 相似文献
146.
Using the soil gas radon as an indicator for ground contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Schubert Klaus Freyer Hans-Christian Treutler Holger Weiß 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2001,1(4):217-222
1 The Problem One of the major problems facing risk assessment at polluted industrial sites and military bases is subsurface contamination
by non-aqueous phase-liquids (NAPLs), since tracing the extent of a NAPL plume using conventional methods (drive point profiling)
is usually associated with difficulties. In an effort to trace subsurface contamination as precisely as possible, monitoring
points are placed in the area that might be affected by contaminants, and groundwater and soil samples are taken to the laboratory
for analysis. However, the final number of monitoring points is hardly ever sufficient for distinctive contamination mapping,
and this may ultimately result in an unsuitable remediation action being taken.
2 Objectives To obtain a more detailed image of a subsurface NAPL plume and, hence, to facilitate remediation measures that are best suited
for the site in question, a denser network of monitoring points is desirable. The aim of the investigation described in this
paper was therefore to develop a new detection method for subsurface NAPL contamination, which is based on an easily accessibleindicator for NAPLs rather than on the analysis of soil and groundwater samples taken at the site. Based on the good solubility of
radon in NAPLs, the idea was put forward that subsurface NAPL contamination should have an influence on the natural radon
concentration of the soil gas. Provided this effect is significant, it would be possible to carry out a straightforward radon
survey on an appropriate sampling grid covering the suspected site and thus enabling the NAPL contamination to be detected
by the localization of anomalous low radon concentrations in the soil. The overall aim of the investigation was to assess
the general suitability of the soil-gas radon concentration as an indirect tracer for NAPL contamination in the ground.
3 Methods The partitioning coefficient KNAPL/air is one of the most influential parameters governing the decrease of the radon concentration in the soil gas in the presence
of a subsurface NAPL contamination. Since NAPL mixtures such as gasoline, diesel fuel and paraffin are among the most important
NAPLs regarding remediation activities, laboratory experiments were performed to determine the radon-partitioning coefficient
for these three NAPL mixtures.
Field experiments were carried out as well. The aim of the field experiments was to test the use of the soil-gas radon concentration
as a tracer for NAPL contamination on-site. For the field experiments, each site was covered with a suitable grid of soil
gas sampling points. Finally, the lateral radon distribution pattern achieved on each of the sites was compared to the respective
findings of the earlier research performed by conventional means.
4 Results and Discussion The results of the laboratory experiments clearly show a very strong affinity of radon to the NAPL mixtures examined. The
partitioning coefficients achieved correspond to those published for pure NAPLs (Clever 1979) and are thus in the expected
range. The results of the field experiments showed that the minimum radon concentrations detected match the respective NAPL
plumes traced previously.
5 Conclusions Both the results of the lab experiments and the on-site findings demonstrate that the soil-gas radon concentration can be
used as an indicator for subsurface NAPL contamination. The investigation showed that NAPL-contaminated soil volumes give
rise to anomalous low soil-gas radon concentrations in the close vicinity of the contamination. The reason for this decrease
in the soil-gas radon concentration is the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, which enables the NAPLs to accumulate and ‘trap’
part of the radon available in the soil pores.
6 Recommendations and Outlook Further research is required into contamination with rather volatile NAPLs such as BTEX. Further research is also needed to
examine whether it is possible to not only localize a NAPL plume, but also to obtain some quantitative information about the
subsurface NAPL contamination. The authors also believe that additional investigations should be carried out to study the
ability of the method to not just localize a NAPL contamination, but also to monitor on-site, clean-up measures. 相似文献
147.
D'Agostina A Antonioni C Resta D Arnoldi A Bez J Knauf U Wäsche A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(1):92-98
This paper describes a pilot process for obtaining protein isolates from white lupin seed with improved water solubility and technofunctional properties as well as reduced thermal damage. After a careful optimization of the process parameters, two valuable food ingredients were prepared: lupin protein isolate type E, with a useful emulsifying capacity, and lupin protein isolate type F, with a high capability of foam formation and stabilization. The spray-drying process was particularly critical for inducing some thermal damage, but a careful selection of the conditions permitted ingredients having only marginally impaired lysine bioavailability to be obtained. The reproducibility of the protein extraction process was tested on two different lupin varieties. 相似文献
148.
Background, Aim and Scope
Part 1: Behaviour of Polycyclic Musks in Sewage Sludge of Different Treatment Plants in Summer and Winter
Part 2: Investigation of Polycyclic Musks in Soils and Plants
- Preamble. In Part 1 of the study, screening tests were performed to investigate the occurrence of PCMs in sewage sludges.
For a preliminary risk assessment, further information is needed about their behaviour in the terrestrial environment. Hence,
Part 2 examined the adsorption of PCMs to soil, their dissipation and leaching in soil and their uptake by plants.
Background, Aim and Scope Polycyclic Musks (PCMs) enter the environment via the waste water system. Because of their persistence, they can accumulate
in different matrices like sewage sludge or biota. By the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer, PCMs are transferred to agricultural
soils. Therefore, in Part 1 of the study, screening tests were performed to investigate the occurrence of PCMs in sewage sludge.
For a preliminary risk assessment, further information is needed about their behaviour in the terrestrial environment. Hence,
Part 2 of the study examined the adsorption of PCMs to soil, their dissipation and leaching in soil, and their uptake by plants.
Materials and Methods:
In the screening study, samples of activated sewage sludge were taken both in summer and in winter at 21 treatment plants.
In order to get an overview of the contamination situation, sampling covered different types of treatment plants (in rural,
urban, industrial areas). Analytical methods for the determination of HHCB, AHTN, ADBI, ATTN, AHDI and ATII in the sludge
samples were developed and applied.
Results:
The analytical screening of PCMs showed their presence in activated and dried sewage sludge samples. HHCB and AHTN represented
about 95% of the PCMs investigated. Their concentrations in the activated sludge samples varied between 2.9 and 10.4 mg/kg
dry mass (dm) and 1.1 to 4.2 mg/kg dm, respectively. Although different types of sewage treatment plants were investigated,
similar PCM levels were found, showing the widespread input of these compounds into domestic waste water.
Discussion:
PCM concentrations in activated sludge varied widely. The variation drops substantially when concentrations are related to
the varying dry mass. In dehydrated sludge, PCM concentrations were up to 24 mg/kg dm for HHCB and up to 6.9 mg/kg dm for
AHTN. These high values are comparable to those obtained in other investigations analysing PCMs. If the degradation of organic
mass during anaerobic decomposition is included in the evaluation, the figures obtained are comparable to those for activated
sludge. Elimination in sewage sludge was higher in summer than in winter. Therefore, the contamination of the sludges in winter
reached higher levels compared to the summer.
Conclusions:
The results show that PCMs are widespread contaminants in sewage sludge.
Recommendations and Perspectives:
PCM should be considered in a risk assessment as potential contaminants of sewage sludge destined for agricultural use.
Due to the high PCM levels in sewage sludge, further investigations into the degradation and elimination behaviour in sewage
sludge have to be carried out, including that involving PCM metabolites such as lactone derivatives. 相似文献
149.
Pakdeechanuan P Intarapichet KO Fernando LN Grün IU 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):923-927
Rhodium heterogeneous catalyst was used to catalyze isomerization of linoleic acid in soybean oil to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). A central composite rotatable design with five levels of three variables, namely, reaction temperature, stirring speed, and reaction time, was used to determine the maximum CLA yield. The formation of CLA during isomerization was greatly dependent on the reaction temperature and time. The CLA content of soybean oil increased from 0.63 to 202.42 mg/g oil when isomerization was done at 200 degrees C, with a stirring speed of 200 rpm for 49 min. Analysis of triacylglycerol positions showed that linoleic acid at any position in a triacylglyceride could possibly be isomerized to CLA. 相似文献
150.
De Wilde T De Meulenaer B Mestdagh F Govaert Y Vandeburie S Ooghe W Fraselle S Demeulemeester K Van Peteghem C Calus A Degroodt JM Verhé R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6550-6557
A number of parameters linked to storage of potatoes were evaluated with regard to their potential to influence the acrylamide formation in French fries. Acrylamide, which is a potential human carcinogen, is reported to be formed during the frying of potatoes as a result of the reactions between asparagine and reducing sugars. This study was conducted using three potato varieties (Bintje, Ramos, and Saturna) typically used in Belgium, The Netherlands, and the northern part of France for French fry and crisp production. Saturna, mainly used in crisp production, appeared to be the least susceptible for acrylamide formation during frying. Especially storage at low temperatures (4 degrees C) compared to storage at 8 degrees C seemed to enhance acrylamide formation due to a strong increase in reducing sugars caused by low-temperature storage. Because of the reversible nature of this physiological reaction, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction of the reducing sugars after a reconditioning of the cold-stored potatoes for 3 weeks at 15 degrees C. All changes in acrylamide concentrations could mainly be explained by the reducing sugar content of the potato (R2 = 0.84, n = 160). This means that, by ensuring a low reducing sugar content of the potato tuber, the risk for acrylamide formation will largely be reduced. Finally the use of a sprout inhibitor did not influence the composition of the potato, and thus acrylamide formation was not susceptible to this treatment. 相似文献