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91.
The ambient concentration of SO2, NOx and Ox in the atmosphere of Hiroshima, Fukuyama and Fuchu city which were monitored by the prefectural monitoring stations, are examined to give a picture of the typical air pollution at these sites. Results show that the yearly concentrations of SO2 in these areas are significantly fall from 20 to 6 ppb during 1978–1996 when the NOx concentrations having no such significant change which varies from 40 to 30 ppb. The Photo-chemical Oxidant (Ox) increases annually at the rate of 0.3 ppb to 0.6 ppb in Hiroshima city only. To know the present situation of air pollution the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) system is used in the city of Higashi Hiroshima. The daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, O3 and HONO measured during the period of August 1999 to March 2000 ranged from 1.4 ppb to 2.8 ppb, 13 ppb to 26.9 ppb, 21 ppb to 53.6 ppb and 1 ppb to 4.3 ppb respectively. The patterns of concentrations of NO2 and O3 measured by DOAS look similar to the seasonal patterns of NOx and Ox by the conventional system. 相似文献
92.
Itaru Sato Jun Sasaki Hiroshi Satoh Yoshitaka Deguchi Hiroyuki Chida Masahiro Natsuhori Kumiko Otani Keiji Okada 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):128-134
White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, are susceptible to radiation exposure. In the present study, red blood cell, total white blood cell, and lymphocyte counts were repeatedly measured in cattle living on three farms located in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” of the Fukushima nuclear accident, and compared with two control groups from unaffected areas. Blood cell counts differed significantly between the two control groups, although almost all the values fell within the normal range. The blood cell counts of the cattle in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” varied across sampling times even on the same farms, being sometimes higher or lower than either of the two control groups. However, neither a statistically significant decrease in blood cell counts nor an increase in the rate of cattle with extremely low blood cell counts was observed overall. The estimated cumulative exposure dose for the cattle on the most contaminated farm was within a range of 500–1000 mSv, exceeding the threshold for the lymphopenia. Because of the low dose rate on these farms, potential radiation damages would have been repaired and have not accumulated enough to cause deterministic effects. 相似文献
93.
Hiroshi Fukayama Takashi Kobara Keita Shiomi Ryutaro Morita Daisuke Sasayama Tomoko Hatanaka 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):296-300
ABSTRACT
Overexpression of Rubisco small subunit (RbcS) of C4 plant, sorghum (sorghum bicolor) was shown to enhance the catalytic turnover rate (k cat) of Rubisco in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the effects of other Rubisco small subunits of C4 plants, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) on kinetic properties of Rubisco in rice were studied. The expression levels of Napier grass RbcS (NgRbcS) and guinea grass RbcS (GgRbcS) proteins accounted for 41% and 45% of total RbcS, respectively in homozygous overexpression lines. The k cat and K m for CO2 (Kc) of Rubisco were increased in all transgenic lines. Interestingly, the k cat was markedly higher in NgRbcS homozygous line, whereas K c was notably higher in GgRbcS homozygous line. Although its effects depend on species, these results suggest that the introduction of C4 RbcS are effective approaches to alter the catalytic properties of Rubisco in rice. 相似文献
94.
Iijima K Jiang JY Shimizu T Sasada H Sato E 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(1):161-168
To address the role of follicular angiogenesis in the determination of ovulatory follicles and the effects of different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms on follicular angiogenesis and development, mature female rats were treated with an angiogenic inhibitor (TNP-470), and also with VEGF 120 or 164 at different dosages (0.4, 0.8, 4.0 or 8.0 microg/kg body weight) for 3 days during the estrous cycle. Ovarian follicular angiogenesis, the population of large follicles and ovulation were examined. VEGF 120 (0.8 microg/kg) and 164 (8.0 microg/kg) treatments stimulated follicular angiogenesis in the theca interna layer, while TNP-470 treatment showed severe depression of follicular angiogenesis, and completely inhibited ovulation. After administration of VEGF 120 or 164, the number of healthy preovulatory follicles and ovulated oocytes increased significantly, concomitantly with a decrease in the number of atretic preovulatory follicles. The oocytes ovulated had normal fertilizability and developed to term with the same litter size as in the control rats. Our findings suggest that follicular angiogenesis may be a determinant of follicular development during the periovulatory phase, and that VEGF isoforms may play different important roles in regulating follicular angiogenesis. 相似文献
95.
96.
Tatsuyuki YOSHIDA Harutaka MUKOYAMA Hiroki FURUTA Yasuko KONDO Shin-nosuke TAKESHIMA Yoko AIDA Motoaki KOSUGIYAMA Hiroshi TOMOGANE 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):498-509
The association of the polymorphism of bovine leukocyte antigen ( BoLA-DRB3 ) genes identified by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method with resistance and susceptibility to mastitis caused by pathogenic bacteria was investigated. Blood samples for DNA extraction were collected from 194 Holstein cows (41 healthy cows and 153 mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows infected with 2 or 3 species of pathogens) from 5 districts of Chiba prefecture, Japan. Sixteen BoLA-DRB3 alleles were detected. The 4 main alleles of DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 constituted 56.8% of the total number of alleles detected. Mastitis cows were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with single-infection cows and group 2 with all mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows. The differences in the frequencies of BoLA-DRB3 alleles and the number of cows homozygous or heterozygous for each BoLA-DRB3 allele between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows were evaluated. Furthermore, similar comparisons were performed between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows for each mastitis pathogen. It was considered that the 4 alleles, namely, DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 had specific resistance and susceptibility to 4 different mastitis pathogens. Thus, DRB3*0101 might be associated with susceptibility to coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Escherichia coli , and DRB3*1501 might be associated with susceptibility to Escherichia coli . However, DRB3*1101 might be associated with resistance to Streptococci and coagulase-negative Staphylococci , and DRB3*1201 , with resistance to Streptococci , Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus . 相似文献
97.
We focus on the zero-catch problem of CPUE (catch per unit effort) standardization. Because the traditional CPUE model with a log-normal error structure cannot be applied in this case, three methods have often been utilized as follows:
- (1) Ad hoc method adds a small constant value to all response variables.
- (2) Catch model with a Poisson or negative-binomial (NB) error structure.
- (3) Delta-type two-step method such as the delta-normal model (after estimating the ratio of zero-catch using a logit or probit model, a model such as CPUE log-normal or Catch-Poisson is applied to CPUE without zero-data).
98.
Kyoji Hagiwara Takahiko Higashi Kazunari Takahashi Naho Hara Hideyuki Aoki Naoyuki Miyazaki Qing-Yu Wang Yafeng Zhu Osamu Yatou Hiroshi Tanaka Toshihiro Omura 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(3):186-189
Transencapsidation of the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) inner core by the Rice dwarf virus (RDV) outer capsid P8 protein was examined in vitro and in planta. When RGDV core particles were incubated with an extract
from RDV P8-transgenic rice leaf tissue, RDV P8 encapsidated the RGDV core particles to form double-shelled virus-like particles
in vitro. In contrast, when RDV P8-transgenic rice plants were inoculated with RGDV, progeny RGDV particles contained RGDV
P8 but RDV P8 was not detectable in the virions. No significant differences were found in acquisition by the vector insects
and subsequent transmission rates between RGDV infecting nontransgenic rice plants and those infecting RDV P8-transgenic rice
plants. These results indicate that mechanisms of and/or requirements for interactions between P8 and the inner core particles
of phytoreoviruses differ between in vitro and in planta. 相似文献
99.
100.