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41.
The in vitro growth inhibitory activities of 15 drugs against Babesia gibsoni were evaluated following establishment of a continuous culture isolate (Aomori isolate). The culture was successfully continued in an RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 20% normal canine serum or fetal bovine serum in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO(2) and 5% O(2) at 37 degrees C. We used this isolate to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect of naphthoquinone (atovaquone), aromatic diamidine (diminazene and pentamidine), artemisinin compounds (artesunate and dihydroartemisinin), an iron chelator (deferoxamine), quinoline-containing compounds (quinine and chloroquine), macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin), lyncomycin antibiotics (clindamycin), tetracycline antibiotics (doxycycline and minocycline), imidazole antifungals (clotrimazole and ketoconazole), and a nitroimidazole antiprotozoal (metronidazole). Atovaquone and aromatic diamidine showed the highest activity; they were followed by artesunate compounds with nanomole levels of IC(50). Metronidazole did not exhibit activity against the parasite. Other drugs exhibited intermediate in vitro activities with micromole levels of IC(50). This is the first report to screen drug activities against B. gibsoni in vitro. The results of our study may support further in vitro drug evaluation for the establishment of therapeutic strategies against canine B. gibsoni infections. 相似文献
42.
Yamato O Hayashi D Satoh H Shoda T Uchida K Nakayama H Sakai H Masegi T Murai A Iida T Hisada H Hisada A Yamasaki M Maede Y Arai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(8):813-818
GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (human Sandhoff disease) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by simultaneous deficiencies of acid beta-hexosaminidase (Hex) A and Hex B due to an abnormality of beta-subunit, a common component in these enzyme molecules, which is coded by the HEXB gene. In the present study, a retrospective diagnosis was performed in 2 previous suspected cases of feline Sandhoff-like disease using a DNA test to detect the causative mutation identified previously in 4 cats in 2 other families of Japanese domestic cats. Enzymic analysis was also performed using stored leukocytes and plasma collected from the subject families in order to investigate the usefulness of enzymic diagnosis and genotyping of carriers. The DNA test suggested that the 2 cases were homozygous recessive for the mutation. Consequently, 6 cats homozygous for the same mutation have been found in 4 separate locations of Japan, suggesting that this mutant allele may be spread widely in the Japanese domestic cat populations. In enzymic analysis, Hex A and Hex B activities in leukocytes and plasma measured using 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide as a substrate were negligible in affected cats, compared with those in normal and carrier cats. However, there was a wide overlap in enzyme activity between normal and carrier cats. Therefore, it was concluded that enzymic analysis is useful for diagnosis of affected cats, but is not acceptable for genotyping of carriers. 相似文献
43.
With the aim of improving artificial androgenesis in teleost fishes, we tested two methods for producing androgenetic diploids
of amago salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae), namely, fertilization of gamma-ray irradiated eggs with fused spermatozoa (sperm-fusion method) and the fertilization of
irradiated eggs with untreated sperm followed by the blocking of cell division (mitosis-inhibition method). Our results showed
that the optimal condition for sperm fusion was to treat the sperm with 50% polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 7500) for
100 s. The efficiency of the two methods of androgenesis was compared in terms of fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval
survival after hatching. The rate of fertilization was lower with the sperm-fusion method than with the mitosis-inhibition
method, but the reverse was true for the hatching rate. The survival rate of hatched larvae was the same with the two methods.
Androgenesis was confirmed with a recessive albino color marker, and all viable offspring were found to be heterozygous based
on analysis of the microsatellite markers. Our results suggest that androgenesis with the sperm-fusion method is a promising
approach with potential applications in both aquaculture breeding programs and the preservation of endangered freshwater fishes. 相似文献
44.
The red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii is economically important as an edible species and as a source of carrageenan, and has been extensively cultivated in many
tropical countries. For this species, different color strains, which differ from each another in growth rate and carrageenan
content, have been reported for decades. In this study, lectins from brown, red, and green strains of K. alvarezii cultivated in Vietnam were isolated and characterized for evaluation of their biochemical properties and contents. The results
showed that each color strain contained in common the three lectins, named KAA-1, KAA-2, and KAA-3, which shared the hapten-inhibition
profile of hemagglutination, 20 N-terminal amino acid sequence, and equivalent molecular mass within a range of 28,016 ± 1.2
to 28,021 ± 1.8 Da, but differed in their yields, with the highest yield of KAA-2. These properties of the three isolectins
were also comparable among the three different color strains. However, the sum of the yields of the three isolectins decreased
in the order: red (21.4 mg) to green (15.9 mg) to brown strains (15.1 mg), from 500 g fresh alga. Thus, this algal species
can be a good source of useful lectins, irrespective of color strain. 相似文献
45.
Hiromi KEINO Atsushi FUNAHASHI Hiroomi KEINO Chihiro MIWA Masanori HOSOKAWA Yoshihiro HAYASHI Kenji KAWAKITA 《Journal of Equine Science》2009,20(4):79-88
In this study, we applied a novel psycho-educational horseback riding (PEHR) program to
the treatment of four Japanese children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in
order to facilitate the acquisition of verbal and nonverbal communication skills. The
behavioral changes in each child were evaluated using a psychological and behavioral
scale. The scale for evaluating the effect of Human-Equips-Interaction on Mental activity
(HEIM scale) was designed to assess the behavioral improvement of children based on the
following 10 items: Human relationships, Imitation, Emotional expression, Sudden physical
movement, Fixative behavior, Adaptation to change, Visual response, Fear or nervousness,
and Verbal and nonverbal communication. After taking part in the PEHR program for several
months, all subjects showed remarkably improved HEIM scores and marked improvements were
observed in eye contact with others (instructors, side walkers, and leaders) in the riding
area. A statistical difference was found in items 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9. However, no
statistical difference was found in items 4, 5, and 10. As the program progressed, the
children showed enhanced verbal and nonverbal communication skills, and became more
expressive in their emotional and empathetic interaction with their parents. These
observations suggest that the normal functioning of pleasurable emotions and empathy may
facilitate further improvements in joint attention, imitation and empathy, and may result
in successful verbal expression by PDD children. Therefore, horseback riding can play a
very important role in the psycho-educational support required for the communication
ability of PDD children. 相似文献
46.
Motoaki Kusaba Chao-Xi Luo Hiromi Hanamura Masakazu Misaka Taiga Mochida Yoshikatsu Fujita Yukio Tosa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(3):250-253
A Japanese differential rice cultivar K60 was tested with 114 F1 cultures of Magnaporthe oryzae from a cross between isolates 84R-62B and Y93-245c-2. Segregation patterns of avirulence and virulence in the progeny suggested
that avirulence on cv. K60 was controlled by a single gene derived from 84R-62B and tentatively named AvrK60. In the F1 population, AvrK60 cosegregated with avirulence gene AvrPik on a small 1.6-Mb chromosome of 84R-62B and with the 1.6-Mb chromosome itself. Therefore, we suggest that, along with AvrPik, AvrK60 is also located on the 1.6-Mb chromosome of 84R-62B. 相似文献
47.
Disparities in activity levels and learning ability between Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) and Roborovskii hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) 下载免费PDF全文
Hiromi Ikeda Mao Nagasawa Takeshi Yamaguchi Kimie Minaminaka Ryosei Goda Vishwajit S. Chowdhury Shinobu Yasuo Mitsuhiro Furuse 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):533-545
The Djungarian hamster and the Roborovskii hamster belong to the same genus of Phodopus. However, the Djungarian hamster is tame and shows sedative behavior, while Roborovskii hamster is not tame and shows high levels of locomotor activity. Hyperactivity occurs in animals with tameless behavior. Tameness or tamelessness behavior is very important because tameness helps for breeding and controlling as well as it enables a strong human‐animal bond. In the present study, we examined the relationships between activity levels and cognitive function in Djungarian and Roborovskii hamsters. Three types of behavioral tests were performed to analyze their activity levels, memory and leaning ability. The levels of L‐ and D‐amino acids and monoamines in the brain were then determined. Roborovskii hamsters showed significantly higher locomotor activity than Djungarian hamsters. Memory ability was not significantly different between the two hamsters, but Roborovskii hamsters showed lower learning ability. Brain levels of D‐serine which is related to enhancement in memory and learning ability, were significantly higher in Djungarian hamsters, but the reverse was true for brain dopamine and serotonin levels. These results suggest that these differences in brain metabolism may be related to the behavioral differences between the two hamsters. 相似文献
48.
This study describes a successful method of somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation using immature cotyledons of Prunus mume. Immature cotyledons from four different developmental stages of eight different P. mume cultivars were used for the experiments to optimize somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation protocols. Somatic embryogenesis was induced when the explants were cultured on somatic embryo inducing medium consisting of MS basic medium supplemented with 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). They were cultured for 30 days and then transferred to somatic embryo propagation medium containing 0.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 μM BA. It appeared that the developmental stage of the immature cotyledons used as explants was the most important factor for somatic embryogenesis; higher frequencies of somatic embryogenesis were observed when the immature cotyledons were less than 5 mm in length regardless of cultivars. For genetic transformation, the immature cotyledons were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 harbouring a binary plasmid vector with neomycin phosphotransferase II and an intron-interrupted β-glucuronidase gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, and three transgenic plant lines were obtained from inoculated “Sirakaga” immature cotyledons. Transgenic somatic embryos and shoots were selected using 25 mg l−1 kanamycin. Integration of transgenes in the genome of GUS-positive putative transgenic shoots was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. 相似文献
49.
Shiro Fukuta Reiko Takahashi Satoru Kuroyanagi Noriyuki Miyake Hirofumi Nagai Hirofumi Suzuki Fujio Hashizume Tomoko Tsuji Hiromi Taguchi Hideki Watanabe Koji Kageyama 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):689-701
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction with a primer set designed from the rDNA ITS sequence of P. aphanidermatum was developed. Results of a specificity test using 57 strains of Pythium spp. indicated that the LAMP assay gave no cross reactions in other 39 Pythium species, 11 strains of Phytophthora spp. and eight other soil borne pathogens. The detection limit was 10 fg of genomic DNA, which was ten times the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction. The LAMP assay was applied to hydroponic solution samples from tomato fields, and the results were compared to those of the conventional plating method. LAMP was observed to be effective for the specific detection of P. aphanidermatum. Furthermore, P. aphanidermatum was detected directly in tomato roots infected with P. aphanidermatum without DNA extraction. The LAMP method established in this study is a simple, sensitive and rapid tool for the detection of P. aphanidermatum. 相似文献
50.
Mizuho TASHIRO Yuki HOSOKAWA Hiromi AMAO Atsushi TOHEI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(12):1757
Hypothermia during anesthetic events is a common adverse effect of anesthesia in laboratory animals. In particular, small rodents such as mice is susceptible to hypothermia during anesthetic events. Therefore, the animals will need additional thermal support by external heating devices during and after anesthesia. In general, the time of recovery from anesthesia is typically longer in case of injectable anesthesia rather than inhalant anesthesia. However, the durations of thermal support have been almost limited to 1 hr from administration of anesthesia in general. Our study objectives are two-fold: 1) to compare the levels of hypothermia induced by injectable anesthesia with medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol (MMB) and inhalant anesthesia with isoflurane (ISO); 2) to find the adequate durations of thermal support for preventing hypothermia induced by their anesthesia in mice. Adult male ICR mice were anesthetized during 40 min without and with the thermal support for 1 (both anesthetic groups), 2, 3, and 5 hr (in MMB group). Without thermal support, the decrease of body temperature in MMB group were more severe than that in ISO group. The durations of thermal support completely prevented hypothermia at 5 hr-support in MMB group and that at 1 hr-support in ISO group. However, the other short durations did not prevent hypothermia at 1, 2 and 3 hr-support in MMB group. These results suggest that the mice should be received thermal support over 5 hr after injection of MMB anesthesia to prevent hypothermia. 相似文献