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21.
Masaki Jinkawa Hirokazu Yamaguchi Kuniaki Furukawa Toshiaki Satake Hiroshi Kobayashi 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(2):77-88
For monorail systems, it is very important to ensure the safety of the ground structure. We developed a tram car for slopes
that utilizes the mechanism of the monorail and analyzed the stress of the ground structure that had double rails. First,
we divided the ground structure into seven components, and formulated a procedure for calculating the stress of the ground
structure. As a result, the stress that acts upon the main rail and the main rail connecting part was near the allowable stress,
and each calculated value was within the allowable stress. We measured the stress by running the vehicle, and compared the
measured values with the calculated values. As a result, some measured values were larger than the calculated values. However,
the ratio of measured value to allowable stress was 90% or less. Finally, we calculated the static loading coefficient for
each part, results of which were as follows: main and subrail: 1.1; rail connection part and prop foundation part: 1.0; rail
installation part: 1.3. In the recalculations, it became clear that the recalculated values exceeded the allowable stresses.
These results suggest that we need to review the ground structure materials. 相似文献
22.
Accuracy of imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism marker genotypes from low‐density panels in Japanese Black cattle 下载免费PDF全文
Shinichiro Ogawa Hirokazu Matsuda Yukio Taniguchi Toshio Watanabe Akiko Takasuga Yoshikazu Sugimoto Hiroaki Iwaisaki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(1):3-12
Using target and reference fattened steer populations, the performance of genotype imputation using lower‐density marker panels in Japanese Black cattle was evaluated. Population imputation was performed using BEAGLE software. Genotype information for approximately 40 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers by Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip was available, and imputation accuracy was assessed based on the average concordance rates of the genotypes, varying equally spaced SNP densities, and the number of individuals in the reference population. Two additional statistics were also calculated as indicators of imputation performance. The concordance rates tended to be lower for SNPs with greater minor allele frequencies, or those located near the ends of the chromosomes. Longer autosomes yielded greater imputation accuracies than shorter ones. When SNPs were selected based on linkage disequilibrium information, relative imputation accuracy was slightly improved. When 3000 and 10 000 equally spaced SNPs were used, the imputation accuracies were greater than 90% and approximately 97%, respectively. These results indicate that combining genotyping using a lower‐density SNP chip with genotype imputation based on a population of individuals genotyped using a higher‐density SNP chip is a cost‐effective and valid approach for genomic prediction. 相似文献
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24.
Andrei L. Barkovskii Hirokazu Fukui Johannes Leisen Terence L. Marsh 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(1):135-143
The relationship between microbial diagenesis of Sphagnum peat (SP) and reed-sedge peat (RSP) and the spatial organization of peat bacterial communities was studied. Peats were aerobically incubated at 18-22 °C for 4 months. Changes in molecular composition of peat organic matter were monitored with solid-state 13C NMR, and the respective amount of functional groups was determined by integration of corresponding peaks. No abiotic peat transformation was detected. SP diagenesis caused about a 4% loss of parent materials with a similar yield of ketones, phenols, aromatic, and carbonyl compounds; whereas about 20% of RSP carbohydrates, along with ketones and methoxyl compounds were gradually transformed into carbonyl and aliphatic compounds. SP and RSP substantially varied in bacterial composition. To address spatial community structure, bacterial populations were dissected by a differential elution technique into three fractions based on the degree of their attachment to peat. Community composition was surveyed with T-RFLP (HhaI, MspI, and RsaI). The fragments were further attributed to freely-dispersed (FD), particle-associated (PA), or omnipresent (OMN) bacterial fractions. In both peats, bacterial communities have gradually shifted with the progress of diagenesis. In SP, numbers of exclusively FD or PA bacteria slightly decreased while in RSP their numbers more than doubled after 4-month incubation, and the number of OMN bacteria respectively decreased. The substantially greater changes in the spatial structure of RSP bacterial community compared to SP were consistent with the chemical transformations detected in these peats suggesting the diagenesis-driven divergence of RSP bacterial community into FD and PA sub-communities. 相似文献
25.
This study examined the ability of an airborne laser scanner to identify individual trees in the canopy of a Chamaecyparis obtusa stand and investigated the relationship between the penetration rate of the laser pulses and stand attributes under different canopy conditions caused by different levels of thinning. Individual tree crowns were identified from a digital canopy model (DCM) derived from airborne laser scanner data by the watershed segmentation method. The identification rate of individual trees in blocks with heavy thinning (ratio of the basal area of the felled trees to the total basal area, hereinafter thinning ratio of the basal area, 38.0%), moderate thinning (30.4%), and no thinning was 95.3%, 89.2%, and 60.0%, respectively. Individual tree heights were estimated from the DCM values by local maximum filtering within identified individual crowns. Tree height in the three blocks was estimated with a root-mean-square error of 0.95, 0.65, and 0.68 m, respectively. Tree heights determined in a field survey were regressed against those estimated from the DCM, yielding coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.71, 0.87, and 0.85, respectively, for the blocks with heavy thinning, moderate thinning, and no thinning, respectively, and 0.86 overall. The respective penetration rates of the laser pulses through the canopy to the ground were 50.6%, 43.1%, and 9.2%. Regression of the laser pulse penetration rate against the thinning ratio of the basal area and against the total basal area of the remaining trees in 25 quadrats established in the blocks, yielded r2 values of 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. 相似文献
26.
Kazumasu Sasaki Tatsushi Mutoh Tomoko Mutoh Ryuta Kawashima Hirokazu Tsubone 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):7-16
Objective
To compare electrical velocimetry (EV) noninvasive measures of cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume variation (SVV) in dogs undergoing cardiovascular surgery with those obtained with the conventional thermodilution technique using a pulmonary artery catheter.Study design
Prospective experimental trial.Animals
Seven adult Beagle dogs with a median weight of 13.6 kg.Methods
Simultaneous, coupled cardiac index (CI; CO indexed to body surface area) measurements by EV (CIEV) and the reference pulmonary artery catheter thermodilution method (CIPAC) were obtained in seven sevoflurane-anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs undergoing experimental open-chest cardiovascular surgery for isolated right ventricular failure. Relationships between SVV or central venous pressure (CVP) and stroke volume (SV) were analysed to estimate fluid responsiveness. Haemodynamic data were recorded intraoperatively and before and after fluid challenge.Results
Bland–Altman analysis of 332 matched sets of CI data revealed an overall bias and precision of – 0.22 ± 0.52 L minute?1 m?2 for CIEV and CIPAC (percentage error: 30.4%). Trend analysis showed a concordance of 88% for CIEV. SVV showed a significant positive correlation (r2 = 0.442, p < 0.0001) with SV changes to a volume loading of 200 mL, but CVP did not (r2 = 0.0002, p = 0.94). Better prediction of SV responsiveness (rise of SV index of ≥ 10%) was observed for SVV (0.74 ± 0.09; p = 0.014) with a significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in comparison with CVP (0.53 ± 0.98; p = 0.78), with a cut-off value of 14.5% (60% specificity and 83% sensitivity).Conclusions and clinical relevance
In dogs undergoing cardiovascular surgery, EV provided accurate CO measurements compared with CIPAC, although its trending ability was poor. Further, SVV by EV, but not CVP, reliably predicted fluid responsiveness during mechanical ventilation in dogs. 相似文献27.
Miori Kishimoto Sa-Hun Pae Naoyoshi Muroya Hirokazu Watarai Hiroshi Anzai Ki-Ja Lee Junichiro Shimizu Motoki Sasaki Kazutaka Yamada 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2010,11(1):89-91
Caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO), an osteophyte at the site of joint capsule attachment on the caudal aspect of the femoral neck, has been advocated as a radiographic criterion for coxofemoral subluxation. The correlation between the presence of CCO on radiographs (radiographic-CCO), the size of the CCO (CCO index) on three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images, and hip evaluation using transverse CT images was assessed in 22 Border Collies. CCOs were detected on the radiographs and CT images of 32% and 100% femurs, respectively. The CCO index correlated significantly with radiographic-CCO, but a large CCO index did not necessarily imply that the CCO was visible on radiographs. Hence, radiographic-CCO findings should be used cautiously in hip evaluation of Border Collies. 相似文献
28.
Makoto Kimura Hirokazu Kishi Akiko Okabe Nagamitsu Maie 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):533-545
The microbiota in the percolating water from the plow layer soil in paddy fields was studied based on the composition of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in a pot experiment. The mean concentrations of PLFAs in the percolating water were 17±5 and 11±4 µg L-1 in the planted and non-planted pots, respectively. The dominant PLFAs in the percolating water were 16: 0, 16: 1ω7c, 18: 1ω7, 18: 1ω9, il5: 0, and ail5: 0 PLFAs in both the planted and non-planted pots. The dominance percentage of 18: 3ω6c and 17: 1ω8 PLFAs increased at the late stage of rice growth in the planted pots. The percolating water from the planted pots contained in a higher percentage of straight mono-unsaturated PLFAs and a lower percentage of branched-chain PLFAs than that from the non-planted pots. Considerable differences in the PLFA composition in the percolating water were observed between the planted and non-planted treatments and with the duration of the growth period. Principal component analysis indicated that the microbiota in the percolating water was derived from the microbiota in the floodwater and in the plow layer soil. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity of the PLFA composition in the percolating water to the PLFA composition in the plow layer soil was higher than that in the floodwater. The stress factor that was estimated from the trans/cis ratio of 16: 1ω7 PLFA was 0.08±0.04 and 0.14±0.05 in the percolating water from the planted and non-planted pots, respectively, which indicated that the degree of stress on the microbiota in the percolating water from the planted pots was low in a similar way to the degree of stress on the microbiota in the floodwater, while the degree in the percolating water from the non-planted pots was similar to that in the plow layer soil, respectively. 相似文献
29.
The assessment of information relating to the spatial patterns of individual trees is becoming an increasingly important aspect
of forest research and practical forestry. Numerous methods have been proposed over the years, with foresters preferring rapid
methods able to provide statistically confident information. The Mean of Angles is one of the simplest of these methods. It
is applicable for revealing complete spatial randomness (CSR) or the presence of clustering or regularity. We have tested
the potential of the arithmetic mean of angles to serve as a practical measure of the degree of regularity or clustering.
This study was conducted by applying random point sampling in various simulated theoretical point populations. The Mean of
Angles method deserves consideration as a practical option for examining the spatial patterns of trees in forests. We suggest
that the arithmetic mean of angles cannot be completely relied upon for indexing spatial patterns, but this deficiency can
be overcome by examining the frequency distributions of angular measurements. 相似文献
30.
Hisatoshi KAKU Siti SUBANDIYAH Hirokazu OCHIAI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(2):149-152
In an etiological study to identify the causal agent of red stripe of rice, white bacterial colonies were consistently isolated
from all diseased leaf samples collected in Indonesia. All the bacterial isolates were pathogenic to rice and caused symptoms
similar to red stripe. The bacterial infection in rice leaves was confirmed histologically. Bacterial masses were observed
in the lumina of xylem vessels in the lesion area, especially in those of connecting strands. Analysis of the 16S rDNA of
the causal bacterium gave best matches to the 16S rDNA sequence of Microbacterium spp. of Microbacteriaceae which includes Clavibacter.
Received 9 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 16 November 1999 相似文献