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321.
Suppressive effect of abscisic acid on systemic acquired resistance in tobacco plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miyuki Kusajima Michiko Yasuda Akiko Kawashima Hideaki Nojiri Hisakazu Yamane Masami Nakajima Katsumi Akutsu Hideo Nakashita 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(2):161-167
Recent studies have indicated that the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), induced in response to a variety of environmental
stresses, plays an important role in modulating diverse plant–pathogen interactions. In Arabidopsis
thaliana, we previously clarified that ABA suppressed the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a plant defense system
induced by pathogen infection through salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. We investigated the generality of this suppressive
effect by ABA on SAR using tobacco plants. For SAR induction, we used 1,2-benzisothiazole-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (BIT) and benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) that activate upstream and downstream of SA in the SAR signaling pathway, respectively. Wild-type tobacco
plants treated with BIT or BTH exhibited enhanced disease resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco wildfire bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst), however, which was suppressed by pretreatment of plants with ABA. Pretreatment with ABA also suppressed the expression
of SAR-marker genes by BIT and BTH, indicating that ABA suppressed the induction of SAR. ABA suppressed BTH-induced disease
resistance and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression in NahG-transgenic plants that are unable to accumulate SA. The accumulation of SA in wild-type plants after BIT treatment was also
suppressed by pretreatment with ABA. These data suggest that ABA suppresses both upstream and downstream of SA in the SAR
signaling pathway in tobacco. 相似文献
322.
Kensaku Maejima Hideo Hoshi Masayoshi Hashimoto Misako Himeno Takeshi Kawanishi Ken Komatsu Yasuyuki Yamaji Hiroshi Hamamoto Shigetou Namba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(3):229-231
For the first time, plum pox virus (PPV) has been detected in commercial Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) trees in Tokyo, Japan. These trees had ringspot or mottle on leaves, color breaking of petals and, occasionally, mild ringspots
and malformation on fruits. The virus was identified based on the morphology of virus particles, serology, and RT-PCR. The
amplified nucleotide fragment shared 100% identity with a partial coat protein gene of PPV-D isolates. 相似文献
323.
Satoshi Kagiwada Yusuke Kayano Hideo Hoshi Takeshi Kawanishi Kenro Oshima Hiroshi Hamamoto Hiromichi Horie Shigetou Namba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(5):345-347
In summer 2007, leaf and stem rot of ice plants was found in a hydroponic greenhouse in Japan. The causal agent was a fungus
identified as Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berkeley & Ravenel) Thaxter, based on pathogenicity, morphology, mating tests, and sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA
ITS region. 相似文献
324.
Chunlin Liu Ying Ruan Zongjun Lin Ran Wei Qi Peng Chunyun Guan Hideo Ishii 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2008,72(4-6):141-145
In cucumber, we show salicylic acid only induce local acquired resistance (LAR), whereas acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) can induce LAR and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to plant diseases. Jasmonic acid (JA) can induce local acquired susceptibility (LAS) and systemic acquired susceptibility (SAS). ASM treatment of lower first leaves leads to the accumulation of cucumber acidic class III chitinase (CHI2) in untreated upper leaves and effectively suppresses lesion formation on those leaves. In contrast, JA treatment completely suppresses CHI2 gene expression and causes plants to be more susceptible to Colletotrichum orbiculare. ASM-induced SAR can effectively antagonize the JA-induced SAS, providing a response that is midway between what would be expected with either JA or ASM by themselves. 相似文献
325.
SEM observations on larval shell morphology of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and their utility
Nariaki Inoue Ryogen Nanbu Natsuki Hasegawa Junya Higano Hisami Kuwahara Hideo Sekiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1237-1243
Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is common and abundant on Japanese tidal flats, forming a commercially important clam fishery. However, annual catches of Manila clam have decreased drastically since 1975?C1985. To study larval recruitment processes of Manila clam, we carried out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations on larval and juvenile shells of clams reared at 20 and 24?°C. There was no significant difference in final shell length of trochophores between 20 and 24?°C. However, the larval duration was much longer and the shell length of settled size of pediveligers was much larger for clams reared at 20?°C than those reared at 24?°C. These findings suggest that larval duration and growth, as well as settlement size, may vary markedly depending on temperature (and probably on season). The larval shell morphology of Manila clam can provide essential information about larval recruitment processes. 相似文献
326.
327.
Tsukada M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,142(3600):1680-1681
The umbrella pine, Sciadopitys verticillata S. and Z., a native Japanese conifer species and the only present member of the genus Sciadopitys, has become rapidly restricted in its geographic distribution since the beginning of intensified human activities. In Japan the genus was more widely distributed throughout the Pliocene and in the postglacial hypsithermal and slightly later times (R IIIa). In other parts of the world the genus has not appeared in the fossil record since the early Pleistocene. Conservation of this species is needed. 相似文献
328.
Padilla L Shibano K Inoue J Matsui T Yano H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(9):883-886
Many animals including cattle can synthesize vitamin C from glucose. The objective of this study was to investigate plasma vitamin C concentration in ketotic cows during the early lactation period because glucose supply for vitamin C synthesis might be limited in these cows. We measured plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration in 118 cows within 2 months after parturition. Subclinical/clinical ketosis was quantitatively determined using a plasma BHBA threshold of 1,200 microM. Plasma glucose concentration was lower in the ketotic cows than in the control cows but plasma vitamin C concentration did not differ between the control and the ketotic cows. Then we measured plasma vitamin C, BHBA and glucose levels in 7 cows during the periparturient period. Plasma BHBA increased and plasma glucose decreased after parturition but plasma vitamin C did not change. These results indicate that plasma vitamin C is not related to the incidence of ketosis in the early lactation period. We suggest that ketotic cows have the ability to produce vitamin C to meet its requirement in the early lactation period although glucose supply is not sufficient for milk production. Vitamin C synthesis is possibly given a high metabolic-priority for glucose in lactating cows. 相似文献
329.
Kuroiwa T Ishibashi A Fukuda M Kim S Tanaka T Kamomae H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(5):669-673
The objective of the present study was to evaluate estrus synchronization and conception rate after progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) treatment from the early luteal phase in the presence or absence of estradiol benzoate (EB) in heifers. Heifers (n=11) were assigned randomly to two treatments; insertion of a PRID containing 1.55 g progesterone with a capsule attached including 10 mg EB (P+EB; n=6) and the PRID withdrawn the EB capsule (P-EB; n=5). The PRID was inserted into the vagina on Day 2 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 was the day of ovulation) and was left for 12 days. The proportion of heifers exhibiting standing estrus within 3 days after PRID removal was 83.3% (5/6) for the P+EB group, and 80.0% (4/5) for the P-EB group, respectively. Conception rate by artificial insemination on synchronized estrus was 80.0% (4/5) in the P+EB group, and 100% (4/4) in the P-EB treatment group, respectively. These results suggest that a PRID treatment from 2 days after ovulation for 12 days in the presence or absence of EB has an effect on the synchronization of estrus and produces a beneficial conception rate in heifers. 相似文献
330.
Ishikawa R Shirouzu K Nakashita H Lee HY Motoyama T Yamaguchi I Teraoka T Arie T 《Phytopathology》2005,95(10):1209-1216
ABSTRACT Tomato wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is effectively controlled by a foliar spray of validamycin A (VMA) or validoxylamine A (VAA) (>/=10 mug/ml); however, neither VMA nor VAA is antifungal in vitro. In pot tests, the effect of a foliar application of VMA or VAA at 100 mug/ml lasted for 64 days. Plants sprayed with VMA or VAA accumulated salicylic acid and had elevated expression of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes P4 (PR-1), Tag (PR-2), and NP24 (PR-5). Foliar spray of VMA also controlled late blight and powdery mildew of tomato. The disease control by VMA and VAA lasted up to 64 days after treatment, was broad spectrum, and induced the expression of PR genes, all essential indicators of SAR, suggesting that VMA and VAA are plant activators. The foliar application of plant activators is a novel control method for soilborne diseases and may provide an economically feasible alternative to soil fumigants such as methyl bromide. 相似文献