棉花早熟品种吸收养分特点及氮肥施用时期研究

本文研究了棉花早熟品种的吸收养分特点,提出了一生吸收积累养分动态方程;应用导数,成功地得到了棉花一生吸收养分的变速率、变加速率动态变化规律;根据棉花早熟品种一生变加速率的动态变化,提出氮素化肥如果需要追施,应在现蕾后进行。田间氮肥适宜施用时期试验证明,早熟品种施用适量氮素化肥,在有一定保肥能力的土壤上,可全做基肥或者基施、蕾追各半为最宜。与其吸收养分特点研究结果相一致。     

饲料防霉剂富马酸二甲酯的合成工艺研究

对富马酸二甲酯合成中异构化反应和酯化反应进行了研究,得到了适宜的工艺参数。     

Preparative separation and purification of rebaudioside a from steviol glycosides using mixed-mode macroporous adsorption resins

Preparative separation and purification of rebaudioside A from steviol glycosides using mixed-mode macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) were systematically investigated. Mixed-mode MARs were prepared by a physical blending method. By evaluation of the adsorption/desorption ratio and adsorption/desorption capacity of mixed-mode MARs with different proportions toward RA and ST, the mixed-mode MAR 18 was chosen as the optimum strategy. On the basis of the static tests, it was found that the experimental data fitted best to the pseudosecond-order kinetics and Temkin-Pyzhev isotherm. Furthermore, the dynamic adsorption/desorption experiments were performed on the mini column packed with mixed-mode MAR 18. After one run treatment, the purity of rebaudioside A in purified product increased from 40.77 to 60.53%, with a yield rate of 38.73% (W/W), and that in residual product decreased from 40.77 to 36.17%, with a recovery yield of 57.61% (W/W). The total recovery yield reached 96.34% (W/W). The results showed that this method could be utilized in large-scale production of rebaudioside A from steviol glycosides in industry.     

Effect of selenate supplementation on glycoalkaloid content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) supplemented with increasing amounts of sodium selenate were analyzed for glycoalkaloid (GA) content. GAs were extracted with 5% acetic acid from freeze-dried tubers of two potato cultivars, Satu and Sini, harvested 10 weeks after planting as immature. The GAs alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine were quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with diode array detection. Two independent experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the total GA concentration +/- standard error of the tubers ranged between 105 +/- 9 and 124 +/- 10 mg kg(-1) fresh weight in Satu and between 194 +/- 26 and 228 +/- 10 mg kg(-1) fresh weight in Sini. The ratio of alpha-solanine to alpha-chaconine was 0.2 in Satu and 0.5-0.6 in Sini. In the second experiment, the total GA concentration +/- standard error was 75 +/- 4 to 96 +/- 11 mg kg(-1) fresh weight, and the ratio of alpha-solanine to alpha-chaconine was 0.3-0.4 in Satu. A high sodium selenate supplementation (0.9 mg of Se kg(-1) quartz sand) slightly decreased the GA content in Satu, but this decrease was not statistically significant. Furthermore, at this addition level the Se concentration increased to a very high level of 20 microg g(-1) dry weight, which cannot be recommended for human consumption. In both experiments, the Se concentration in tubers increased with increasing sodium selenate application levels. Our results show that acceptable application levels of selenate did not have an effect on the GA concentration in immature potato tubers.     

钙强化营养胡萝卜蜜饯制作工艺的研究

以胡萝卜为主要原料,通过加钙营养强化并达到硬化效果,借助糖渍的作用,使其具备蜜饯独有感官风味。通过单因素和正交试验确定了胡萝卜蜜饯的加工工艺,使其感官风味最佳,为生产实践提供参考。结果表明:硬化过程中氯化钙浓度为0.20%、糖渍过程中糖液浓度为40%、柠檬酸浓度0.7%和糖煮时间20 min为最佳工艺组合。     

Response of Enzyme Activity of Soil to Urea Application Rate in a Cotton Field Trial

We studied the response of urease activity of soil in cotton field to different long-term urea (amide nitrogen) application (N application rates were 0, 90, 180, 270, 360, 450 kg·hm^－2), as well as responses of dehydrogenase and proteinase activity of soil at the harvest stage of cotton. The results showed that urease activity of soil increased with increased urea application rate, and urease activity at 0-20 cm soil depth were close to those at 20-40cm soil depth. In contrast, urease activity of soil greater than 40 cm soil depth decreased with increased soil depth. There was a significant positive correlation between urease activity and total N content, organic matter content, and available N content of soil. Dehydrogenase and proteinase activities increased with increased urea application rate (0-360 kg·hm^－2); however, at the urea application rate of 450 kg·hm^－2, dehydrogenase and proteinase activities declined. When the urea application rate was 270-360 kg ·hm^－2, urease, dehydrogenase and proteinase activities were much higher than those of the urea application rate less than 270 kg ·hm^－2, and there was no significant effect on urease, dehydrogenase and proteinase activities when urea application rate was 270-360 kg·hm^－2 in the cotton field.     

株行距配置对机采棉生长发育、产量及品质的影响

【目的】研究不同株行距配置对棉花生长发育、产量及品质的影响,分析机采棉适宜的种植方式。【方法】在同一密度(18×10⁴株/hm²)下设置3种株行距配置方式:一膜三行(76 cm+76 cm+76 cm等行距,株距7 cm);一膜四行(76 cm +66 cm +10 cm +76 cm,平均行距57 cm,株距10 cm);一膜六行(66 cm +10 cm,平均行距38 cm,株距14.6 cm),分析不同株行距配置对棉花农艺性状、叶面积指数、棉铃时空分布、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】一膜三行模式下的棉花株高、果枝始节高度均优于其他模式;叶面积指数在盛铃期达到峰值,其中一膜三行处理叶面积指数较一膜四行、一膜六行处理分别高出11.57%、4.50%。产量以一膜三行处理最高,为6 269.46 kg/hm²,较一膜四行、一膜六行分别高出4.06%、4.85%,各处理间棉花纤维品质基本无差异。【结论】一膜三行等行距种植模式更适合作为机采棉种植方式。     

葡萄中糖基化花色苷研究进展

葡萄果实与葡萄酒的颜色由其所含花色苷的种类和含量决定,而花色苷是由花色素经过糖基化修饰转变而成,所以糖基化修饰在葡萄果实花色苷合成途径中起着重要作用。葡萄果实中的糖基化花色苷主要包括花色素的3–O–葡萄糖基和3,5–O–双葡萄糖基,即花色素单糖苷和花色素双糖苷,糖基化花色苷的组成是决定红葡萄酒品质的关键因素之一。对糖基化花色苷在葡萄果实中的组成及其对葡萄酒颜色和稳定性的影响进行了简要介绍,重点对花色素单糖苷和花色素双糖苷合成的关键酶基因以及转录因子进行了综述,以期为葡萄果实糖基化花色苷合成的调控机理的全面揭示和优质红色酿酒葡萄品种的选育提供信息。     

南方极早熟春甘蓝春丰007的选育

春丰007亲本之一9407是对荷兰引进的资源9304、9011通过杂交,系统选育,采用露地越冬栽培加大耐先期抽薹性的选择强度,于1998年选育出的自交不亲和系。另一亲本9405是从国外引进的资源L-49经多代自交选育出的自交不亲和系。该品种于1998年育成,在南方地区可露地越冬栽培,极早熟,冬性强,单球质量1.2kg左右,品质佳,球形外观好,每667 m2产量3 000 kg左右。