学校防雷安全措施的探讨

学校人群聚集,是开展防雷安全工作的重点地,主要进行直击雷和感应雷的防护,在做好雷电灾害天气的预测预警工作的同时,加大学校防雷工作宣传力度,增强学校部门防雷意识,完善学校防雷设施建设,大力开展学校师生防雷知识宣传教育,并定期进行防雷工程验收和检测。     

Extraction of rice-planting area and identification of chilling damage by remote sensing technology: a case study of the emerging rice production region in high latitude

Rice is the second largest staple crop in the world and therefore plays an important role in food security. As a thermophilic crop, rice is sensitive to temperature changes. Thus, research on the chilling damage of rice is essential. The Sanjiang Plain is an emerging rice production area and is located at high latitudes in China, the world’s largest rice-producing country. Landsat data were used to extract rice-planting area from 1985 to 2015. MODIS 13Q1, which was uniformly distributed during the growing period of rice, was used to obtain NDVI values of paddies during 2002–2015. Dynamic Identification Index of sterile-type chilling damage and monitoring standard of delayed-type chilling damage were the proposed methods used in this paper, which were used to judge the chilling damage of rice. The results show that in the study region, the rice-planting area in 2015 is nearly 12 times larger than that in 1985. Delayed-type chilling damage occurred in 2002 and 2009, while sterile-type chilling damage occurred in 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, and 2015. Comparing with the prevalent meteorological standards, the results indicate that the index and standards proposed in this paper are precise, applicable, and more sensitive than them. The method is a macroscopic and accurate method to identify chilling damage in rice and can also provide a scientific basis to ensuring the stability of rice yield.     

Six New Diterpene Glycosides from the Soft Coral Lemnalia bournei

A chemical study on the extracts of soft coral Lemnalia bournei resulted in the isolation and identification of six new bicyclic diterpene glycosides including three new lemnaboursides E–G (1–3), and three new lemnadiolboursides A–C (4–6), along with three known lemnaboursides (7–9). Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, ECD analysis, chemical methods, and comparison with the literature data. Lemnadiolboursides A–C (4–6) contained a lemnal-1(10)-ene-7,12-diol moiety compared with the lemnaboursides. All these compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity; cell growth inhibition of A549, Hela, HepG2, and CCRF-CEM cancer cell lines; and inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that compounds 1, 2, and 4–6 exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (MIC 4–16 μg/mL); compounds 1–9 displayed low cytotoxicity on the CCRF-CEM cell lines (IC₅₀ 10.44–27.40 µM); and compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed weak inhibition against LPS-induced NO production (IC₅₀ 21.56–28.06 μM).     

光合细菌FP04的筛选及对中华鳖养殖水质和生产效益的影响

从入海排污口污泥中筛选到一株有较强净化养殖水质能力的光合细菌,初步鉴定其为红螺菌,命名为FP04。实验室试验表明,FP04能有效降低养殖污水的CODcr含量。在中华鳖的养殖水体中加入不同浓度的FP04,结果与对照组比较,FP04可显著降低养殖水体中的氨氮和化学需氧量,并可减少甲鱼病害发生,提高甲鱼养殖成活率和增重率,其中以养殖水体中FP04浓度为9×104CFU/mL的效果最好,成活率和增重率分别提高14%和31%。     

卤虫卵化学成分的分离与分析

本试验对卤虫卵的化学成分进行分离和分析。卤虫卵的含油量为7．1％，油中不皂化物的含量为4．9％，主要为胆甾醇。脂肪酸中含有较大量的油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸。卤虫卵含蛋白质为20．9％，还含有多种氨基酸。     

中国对虾病原菌(鳗弧菌)的研究

1987年7～10月福建省平谭县对虾养殖场发生了一起严重的流行病。病虾活动力减弱,食欲下降,个体消瘦,头胸甲心区附近呈白色或浅桔红色,血淋巴液稀薄、混浊、不能凝固。因病虾步足、游泳肢及尾扇呈鲜红色,被称为“红腿病”。死亡率可高达90％以上。从五只垂死病虾的心脏血淋巴液中分离到细菌作纯焙养,经肌肉注射和浸泡的人工感染方法,得到了与虾池中患病虾相同的症状。菌原菌是革兰氏阴性短杆鼠。以极生单鞭毛运动。发酵葡萄糖,产酸不产气。氧化酶、过氧化氢酶阳性。能还原硝酸盐成亚硝酸盐。精氨酸脱羧;鸟氨酸、赖氨酸不脱羧。V.P.阳性.在42℃中不能生长。不能在无盐和含有8％NaCl 的胨水中生长,但在含有3％和6％NaCl的胨水中生长良好。对弧菌抑制剂0/129敏感。经鉴定为鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum Bergman)。     

Effects of dietary macroalgae meal and lipid source on growth performance and body wall fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

A 70‐day experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different macroalgal meals and lipid sources on growth, body wall composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Two macroalgal meals including Sargassum muticum (SM) and Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GL) and two lipid sources including fish oil (FO) and vegetable oil (VO) were formulated into four diets, i.e., S. muticum and fish oil (SF), S. muticum and vegetable oil (SV), G. lemaneiformis and fish oil (GF) and G. lemaneiformis and vegetable oil (GV). The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of A. japonicus fed diets containing SM were significantly higher than those fed diets containing GL. No significant differences in SGR between the FO‐based and VO‐based groups were observed. Similar results were observed in the body wall lipid content. Most body wall FAs changed to resemble the dietary FA proportions because of the dietary effect. Concentrations of 20:4n‐6 of the SF and GF groups were significantly lower than the SV and GV groups, while levels of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. The n‐3/n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios of the SF and GF groups were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. Moreover, the SF group had significantly higher 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 contents and n‐3/n‐6 PUFAs ratio than the GF group. These findings reveal that the SF diet can show beneficial effects on both growth performance and body wall n‐3 PUFAs content of A. japonicus.     

温度和盐度对鞍带石斑鱼受精卵发育及仔鱼成活率的影响

研究了在8个盐度梯度(18.3‰、19.7‰、21.2‰、23.5‰、25.6‰、27.1‰、29.5‰和31.7‰)下鞍带石斑鱼Epinephelus lanceol受精卵和仔鱼在水中的分布状态、出膜率和仔鱼存活率;在9个温度梯度(18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、26℃、28℃、30℃、33℃和35℃)下,其受精卵孵化率、畸形率和仔鱼成活率。结果表明:(1)在水温为25~26℃,当盐度≤25.6‰时,受精卵表现为沉性;当盐度≥27.1‰时,受精卵表现为浮性。仔鱼的分布与受精卵有相似的特点,当盐度≤21.2‰时仔鱼分布在底层水体;当盐度≥27.1‰时,仔鱼集中分布在上层水体。(2)以孵化率和成活率为指标,鞍带石斑鱼孵化的适宜盐度范围为21.2‰~31.7‰,最适盐度范围为25.6‰~31.7‰。在盐度为31.7‰时仔鱼成活率最高达到75.9%。(3)鞍带石斑鱼胚胎发育的适温范围是26~30℃。28℃时受精卵孵化率、仔鱼成活率均最高,畸形率最低。     

凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白酚氧化酶活性的研究

试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下可表现出一定的酚氧化酶活性,与对照组相比,其酚氧化酶活力单位显著上升。同时,其活性可被D-半乳糖、α-葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇和N-乙酰神经氨酸不同程度地抑制,其抑制率分别为67%、100%、33%、33%、67%和100%。血蓝蛋白与胰蛋白酶孵育后经SDS-PAGE分析和L-Dopa显色,其75 kDa单体呈明显的棕褐色,添加抑制剂N-乙酰神经氨酸之后,其显色强度显著减弱。由此进一步证实凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下确实具有酚氧化酶活性,其活性可被不同的糖所抑制,其发挥活性的单体为75 kDa单体。     

应用RAPD标记对东方(鱼屯)属进行种类鉴别及其聚类分析

利用RAPD技术对红鳍东方、假睛东方、暗纹东方和从日本引进的红鳍东方4个种进行了遗传标记鉴别研究.在事先优化的条件下,20个随机引物共扩增出134条谱带清晰、重复性高的DNA片段,其中多态性片段77条.结果证实每一种均有其特异性扩增图谱,可作为种鉴定的依据;用UPGMA和NJ等方法进行聚类,构建的系统树与借助形态学和生化特征进行的传统分类结果一致.研究表明,RAPD作为一种新的分子标记,在海洋动物遗传鉴定方面具有巨大的潜力.