杀虫剂药液中表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度及表面张力

采用国家标准GB 5 5 4 9 90的方法测定了 30种市售杀虫剂推荐剂量药液的表面张力值 ,用表面张力法测定了 30种杀虫剂药液中表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度 ,并测定了表面活性剂 885的临界胶束浓度及相同浓度不同气 液界面条件下表面张力的变化。结果表明 ,大多数杀虫剂常规使用剂量的药液中 ,表面活性剂的用量没有达到其本身的临界胶束浓度 (CMC) ,有些药剂的推荐浓度与表面活性剂达到临界胶束浓度时的药液浓度相差 10倍以上。当气 液界面扩大到一定程度时 ,将改变药液中表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度 ,增加溶液的表面张力。为了充分发挥药剂对害虫的防治效果 ,药液中表面活性剂的浓度必须大于临界胶束浓度。     

特早熟双低甘蓝型油菜杂交种的选育

采用优质早熟甘蓝型品种与特早熟白菜型油菜品种门源小油菜进行甘白种间杂交的方法,创造出了一批优质特早熟甘蓝型遗传资源,用这些资源作为亲本转育出了3个优质波里马细胞质雄性不育系和1个恢复系,在这些不育系和恢复系配置的杂种中E144表现最突出,它不仅能在海拔2800～3000m的白菜型产区正常成熟,而且芥酸含量小于1%、硫甙含量小于30μmol/g,产量比白菜型油菜主栽品种青油241高30%以上。     

中国沙棘叶中几种酶活性测定

采用机械损伤、外源水杨酸、外源氮素处理沙棘叶片,研究POD、CAT、PAL酶的诱导活性.结果表明:沙棘叶中酶的活性与其逆境条件及胁迫时间有关.逆境胁迫开始时酶活性受到抑制,3种酶活性基本表现为先下降后上升然后再下降的变化趋势.     

典型草原区植物群落结构特征动态监测

1999-2002年在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟白音锡勒牧场典型草原区海流特,监测主要植物群落结构特征。结果表明,随时间推移,试验区主要群落的优势植物大针茅、羊草相对高度、相对盖度、相对密度和相对生物量呈降低趋势,退化指示植物冷蒿、狼毒相对高度、相对盖度、相对密度、相对生物量呈增加趋势;试验区群落物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀性指数随时间推移均呈降低趋势;围栏在试验区草地植物群落特征的保持方面很有效,但围栏内植物群落特征随时间推移仍呈退化趋势。     

类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性研究的进展,阐述了类胡萝卜素的分子结构及分类、生理功能、遗传基因、提取的方法和目前国内外研究草坪草耐荫的进展,探讨了将类胡萝卜素中色素的比值作为一种新的指标的可行性,并对该领域存在的问题和今后的发展趋势作了分析,以期为草坪草耐荫性研究提供参考。     

Low‐carbon evaluation of rural neighborhood: A case study of Yanhe Village,Hubei Province,China

Climate change has become a global issue influencing human survival and development while low‐carbon is the inevitable choice. As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has become an important force that influences the cooperation of climate change. China is a large agricultural country, and the rural carbon emissions have been gradually increasing. We consider rural neighborhood as an important space for the use of low‐carbon ideas to address climate change. There is no specific assessment system for a rural neighborhood. The studies of rural neighborhood low‐carbon mainly focus on the method of calculation carbon emissions. However, only quantifying rural carbon emissions is insufficient. In this paper, a low‐carbon evaluation indicator system has been proposed for rural neighborhood and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation has been applied to get the low‐carbon degree. Considering the influence and feedback inside the indicator system, Analytic Network Process was applied to get the weights. Furthermore, a case study was carried out for the using of the proposed method in an eco‐village of China. Our practice has proved that the system is easy to operate in rural neighborhood.     

Spatial–temporal evolution of the port–hinterland relationship: A case study of the Midstream Yangtze River,China

Most scientific attention on port studies centers on deep sea ports, especially container ports. In this paper, in contrast, attention is focused on the spatial–temporal development of inland waterway ports on the Midstream Yangtze River from 2001 to 2013. The aim of this study is to assess two relevant and complementary questions of the hinterland evolution: its geographical extent and the coordination relationship with the inland port. To conduct the study, it was necessary to first identify the boundaries of the ports' hinterlands within the given timeframe. Then, the coupling coordination degree model was introduced to explore the underlying relationship between the port service and hinterland economy. Furthermore, to better depict the intricate economic characteristics of the hinterland, the development stage theory was applied in the models. The results highlight the emergence of a discontinuous hinterland at Wuhan Port and its reinforcement of primacy with respect to fierce hinterland rivalry. It also demonstrates that an interplay between major ports and their corresponding hinterlands evolves from the transitional stage, characterized by lagging port service, to the multi‐stage, wherein the supply of ports partly outstrips hinterland demand.     

Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.     

不同基本苗和栽插规格对杂交水稻4001 S/黄莉占制种机插父本群体生长发育的影响

为探究机械化制种父本最适宜的基本苗数和栽插规格,选用4001S/黄莉占制种组合,设计父本2株、4株和6株3种不同基本苗数,20cm×30cm、24cm×30cm、32cm×30cm、20cm×(20~40)cm和25cm×(20~40)cm五种不同栽插规格,2期播种同时栽插,研究了供试父本群体的苗情动态、抽穗开花动态和穗粒结构。结果表明:采用机插秧6株苗能够显著增加父本的分蘖数和有效穗数,并能增加单位面积颖花数;采用20cm×(20~40)cm和25cm×(20~40)cm两种栽插规格能够显著提高最高苗、有效穗和单位面积颖花数,且25cm×(20~40)cm规格的盛穗历期最长,达到5d;2期父本播期相差6d,抽穗历期可延长1d。说明父本黄莉占以单穴6苗并按20cm×(20~40)cm或25cm×(20~40)cm规格机插可以获得较高的单位面积颖花数。     

水分管理和钾肥施用对水稻产量和抗倒伏性的影响

探讨不同水分和钾肥管理对水稻产量和抗倒伏性的影响,为寒地水稻生产合理进行水分和钾肥管理提供理论依据。以当地主栽水稻品种龙粳31为材料,在淹水灌溉和干湿交替灌溉2种水分管理模式下,比较不施钾、钾肥基施和基肥∶穗肥=5∶5等3种钾肥管理形成的水稻群体,研究其对水稻产量和倒伏性能的影响。2种水分管理方式比较,干湿交替灌溉平均产量为8.33t/hm ²,比淹水灌溉增产3.48%;干湿交替处理有利于水稻植株重心高度降低,第1节（N1）、第2节（N2）节间长度缩短,单位节间干重增加,从而提高节间抗折力,N1、N2、第3节（N3）节间倒伏指数分别降低了13.23%、17.48%和15.27%。3种钾肥管理方式比较,施钾可以显著提高产量,产量表现为基肥∶穗肥=5∶5>钾肥基施>不施钾;钾可以促进水稻株高、鲜重、节间粗、茎壁厚、单位节间干重和节间抗折力提高,从而提高抗倒伏性能,3种钾肥管理水稻植株N1、N2、N3节间倒伏指数均为基肥∶穗肥=5∶5<钾肥基施<不施钾;对比于不施钾,钾肥基施处理N1、N2、N3节间倒伏指数分别降低了22.27%、22.04%和27.53%,基肥∶穗肥=5∶5处理N1、N2、N3节间倒伏指数分别降低了34.56%、35.48%和41.01%。结果表明通过干湿交替水分管理配合合理的钾肥管理可以明显提高水稻产量和降低植株倒伏风险。