通过转化脂肪酸去饱和酶基因AcoFAD2提高菠萝植株的抗寒能力

为培育抗寒菠萝新品种,本研究通过比较菠萝脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列和拟南芥脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列,筛选获得目标基因AcoFAD2;通过农杆菌转化菠萝'台农17'获得过表达AcoFAD2转基因植株TN17FAD2-3;转基因植株和对照在低温条件下进行培养,鉴定转基因植株和对照的不饱和脂肪酸含量及抗寒能力.结果 发现组培苗在7℃条件下处理5d然后转入26℃生长一周,TN17FAD2-3第四片叶坏死比例为(5±1)％,只转化空载体的对照TN17-EV第四片叶坏死比例为(97±2)％.组培苗在7℃条件下生长5d,然后转入26℃生长15d.TN17FAD2-3第二片叶叶面积为(2.15±0.2) cm2,TN17-EV第二片叶叶面积为(0.06±0.01) cm2.TN17FAD2-3的叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量(16∶3+18∶3)为(77.5±0.7)％,对照TN17-EV叶片不饱和脂肪酸(16∶3+18∶3)含量为(58.6±0.8)％.TN17FAD2-3的叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量高于只转化空载体的对照TN17-EV.低温条件下,TN17FAD2-3比TN17-EV生长快,TN17FAD2-3株系比TN17-EV具有更高的抗寒性,载体UBI-pCAMBIA1301不能提高菠萝植株的抗寒能力,通过转化脂肪酸去饱和酶基因AcoFAD2能够提高菠萝植株的抗寒性能,本研究为快速培育抗寒菠萝新品种提供理论基础.     

黄土丘陵区不同管理方式下草地优势种群的生态位

以吴起县杨青川流域草地为研究对象,对封育(Enclosure)、放牧(Grazing)、施肥(Fertilization)、刈割(Clipping)、灭鼠(Deratization)5种管理方式的草地群落进行调查,并运用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数对5种管理方式下主要植物种群生态位特征进行分析。结果表明,达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)和硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)的种群总生态位宽度较大,封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠管理模式下,生态位宽度最大的分别是达乌里胡枝子、赖草、紫花地丁(Viola philippica)、达乌里胡枝子和猪毛蒿,生态位宽度值大于4的物种数分别为6、6、3、4和3种。不同管理方式下各种对间的重叠指数平均值由大到小依次封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠。施肥管理中,种群间生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间存在线性关系,其它管理方式中种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间不存在线性关系。生态位分析表明,封育和放牧管理下种群间对资源的需求趋于相同,彼此间通过竞争共存,有利于群落演替,草地生态系统逐渐得到恢复,施肥、刈割、灭鼠管理使群落物种竞争排序发生变化,破坏了草地生态系统原有的竞争机制,导致群落向简单群落演替。从牧草发展角度出发,封育、施肥和刈割有利于优质牧草生长。     

试述北京市农机报废更新工作的迫切性

为保证北京市农机安全生产工作,大力促进农业生产的发展,北京市建立农机报废更新制度迫在眉睫。     

Analysis of Inter-Individual Bacterial Variation in Gut of Cicada Meimuna mongolica (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Intestinal bacterial community plays a crucial role in the nutrition, development, survival, and reproduction of insects. When compared with other insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts, the habitats of cicada nymphs and adults are totally different. However, little is known about the differences in the gut bacterial communities in the nymphs and adults within any cicada species. The diversity of bacteria in the gut of nymphs and adults of both genders of Meimuna mongolica (Distant) was studied using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method. Few inter-individual variations among gut microbiota were observed, suggesting that M. mongolica typically harbors a limited and consistent suite of bacterial species. Bacteria in the genera Pseudomonas and Enterobacter were the predominant components of the gut microflora of M. mongolica at all life stages. Bacteria of Pantoea, Streptococcus, and Uruburuella were also widespread in the cicada samples but at relatively lower concentrations. The relative stability and similarity of the PCR-DGGE patterns indicate that all individuals of this cicada species harbor a characteristic bacterial community which is independent from developmental stages and genders. Related endosymbionts that could be harbored in bacteromes of cicadas were not detected in any gut samples, which could be related to the cicada species and the distribution of these endosymbionts in the cicada cavity, or due to some of the possible limitations of PCR-DGGE community profiling. It is worthwhile to further address if related cicada endosymbiont clades distribute in the alimentary canals and other internal organs through diagnostic PCR using group-specific primer sets.     

Evaluation of the colonization capabilities of Salmonella Enteritidis in Quails using an RT-PCR approach

We used a real-time PCR assay and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay to detect genomic DNA of Salmonella Enteritidis in the internal organs of quails after an oral challenge. The results showed that S. Enteritidis was detected in all the samples at different time points. This study will assist a future understanding of the pathogenesis of S. Enteritidis.     

基于云计算的农业信息整合安全模型研究

利用云技术整合农业数字资源是未来发展趋势,本研究中为确保农业信息的云安全,提出了一种网络安全模型,并通过仿真验证网络安全模型的合理性。     

“中国春”小麦不同缺体的RAPD分析

利用ＰＣＲ－９０Ａ型ＤＮＡ扩增仪，对７个中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ进行了扩增。结果显示，中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ的ＲＡＰＤ产物可分为二种类型：（１）所有供试材料均能扩增出的片段，代表了核ＤＮＡ在进化上的保守性。有一个引物检测到这类片段。（２）全部供试材料间存在的差异片段，这类片段是用来基因定位的主要依据。另外，建立中国春小麦缺体系统的ＲＡＰＤ指纹图谱对研究小麦的系统进化也将有重要意义     

“906”免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫H_I抗体效价的影响

实验观察了“９０６”免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫ＨＩ抗体效价的影响。结果表明，“９０６”免疫增强剂可显著提高鸡新城疫Ｉ系苗的免疫效果（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且在３０天内与油乳剂疫苗免疫具有相近的抗体水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

2016—2020年安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征定点监测

为了解安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)免疫状况及流行趋势,2016—2020年采用间接ELISA和荧光RT-PCR方法,在代表安徽省不同区域的3个定点监测县,随机采集21个规模化猪场的1 190份猪血清和1 189份猪扁桃体样品,分别进行血清抗体检测和病毒核酸检测,并统计分析时间、区间、群间变化规律。结果显示:安徽省3个定点监测县的HP-PRRS平均免疫抗体合格率为81.26%,连续5年每年均有病原检出,平均病原样品阳性率为16.82%;5年内,免疫抗体合格率和病原阳性率呈波浪状变化,2019年抗体合格率最高(92.78%),而2020年又降至70%以下;中小型场抗体合格率偏低,而病原阳性率偏高;皖中地区定点监测县的抗体合格率最低(不足70%),而病原样品阳性率最高(接近30%);保育猪、育肥猪抗体合格率偏低(不足80%),而保育猪、哺乳仔猪病原样品阳性率偏高(超过28%);灭活苗免疫猪群的抗体合格率最高(90.56%)。结果表明:安徽省3个定点监测县的HP-PRRS免疫效果较好,但抗体保护水平不稳定,病原污染面广、流行时间长。建议各地根据各自实际情况和流行特点,采取各有侧重的防控策略,将中小规模养殖场尤其是保育猪、哺乳仔猪和育肥猪群作为防控重点。本研究为HP-PRRS防控提供了技术支持。