疑似犬传染性支气管炎暴发的病例报告

<正>近日,某基地及周边60余头工作犬暴发了以强烈阵咳、呕吐白色粘液、发热、传播迅速为主要特征的急性呼吸道疾病。时值甲型H1N1流感高发季节,我们及时采取综合治疗措施,在较短的时间得到有效控制,并     

用荷斯坦奶牛性控精液生产体内性控胚胎

采用荷斯坦奶牛X性控冻精和超数排卵技术结合生产奶牛性控胚胎,以建立高效、低成本的体内性控胚胎生产方法。研究发现,使用CIDR和Cue-Mate进行奶牛同期发情处理,发情率分别为90.9%和100%(P<0.05),且Cue-Mate的发情时间更加集中;加拿大的FOLLTROPIN-V和中国科学院动物研究所的FSH对奶牛超排效果影响不显著,分别为头均胚胎数10.08枚±8.08枚、头均可用胚胎数2.38枚±3.07枚和头均胚胎数6.57枚±4.31枚、头均可用胚胎数2.00枚±1.88枚,无显著差异(P>0.05);奶牛发情后12h～14h和16h～19h人工授精,分别获得头均胚胎数10.25枚±5.53枚、头均可用胚胎数5.33枚±4.52枚和头均胚胎数10.13枚±6.93枚、头均可用胚胎数5.88枚±6.26枚,无显著差异(P>0.05)。但是未受精胚胎数差异显著(27对7,P<0.05)。     

重庆蚕业产业布局及发展模式探索——浅析"巩固渝西、提升库区、发展渝东南"产业发展战略

蚕业是重庆市的传统优势产业和特色产业,也是全市农村经济和农民致富的重要骨干项目和出口创汇的骨干产品,为国民经济发展做出过重要贡献.<重庆市茧丝绸"十一五"发展规划>明确提出未来5年蚕桑产业发展的战略方针是"巩固渝西、提升库区、发展渝东南".笔者从重庆的自然资源优势、社会经济发展、蚕业区域布局等方面对这一产业发展战略的科学性、内涵、模式、推进措施等进行了思考、探索,以此提供给各地在发展蚕业和制定规划中参考.     

日粮蛋白质水平对育雏期绿头野鸭生长性能的影响

本研究选用刚出壳的绿头野鸭90只,随机分成3组,每组30只,分别饲喂能量相同,蛋白质水平分别为17.00%、19.00%、21.00%的饲粮,通过饲养和代谢试验研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对育雏期(0～4周龄)绿头野鸭生长性能的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮蛋白质水平的提高,蛋白质的代谢率逐渐下降,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从饲料报酬的角度看,19.00%的蛋白质水平完全可以满足绿头野鸭育雏期(0～4周龄)的生长需要。     

东江中上游3种造林树种的光合-光响应特征

 以东江中上游6年生的山乌桕、枫香和南酸枣为材料,采用LI-COR公司L i-6400光合作用测定系统测定光合、蒸腾、水分利用效率等生理参数及其光响应过程,探讨3树种在自然生境条件下的光合-光响应特征。结果表明:3树种光合-光响应曲线均符合非直角双曲线模型(R2>0.98)和指数模型(R2>0.98);3树种表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率均表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,山乌桕在弱光下光合能力要高于枫香和南酸枣,但对光合产物消耗大;山乌桕最大净光合速率与枫香、南酸枣间差异显著(0.05);3树种介于阴生植物和阳生植物之间,山乌桕对强光的适应能力较好,对光照强度表现出一定的适应性和可塑性,具有较宽的光照生态幅,对弱光与强光的利用能力较高;3树种净光合速率光响应均值表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,耗水能力表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,而水分利用效率表现为枫香>山乌桕>南酸枣。     

盐分浓度对星星草种子萌发的影响

星星草（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ）种子经不同浓度ＮａＣｌ溶液处理结果表明；与对照相比，低于０．６ｇ／１００ｍｌ的盐浓度对种子萌发有促进作用；介于０．７ｇ／１００ｍｌ—３．６ｇ／１００ｍｌ间，种子的萌发势和累积发芽率显著下降，但尚不影响其萌发潜势，解除盐分限制后，还可正常萌发；高于３．７ｇ／１００ｍｌ后，不仅抑制种子萌发，并对其萌发潜势有显著影响。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据Gen Bank报道的N基因高度保守核苷酸序列,设计并合成一对引物。上下游引物与Gen Bank中登录的153株猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N基因全长序列匹配度分别是100%和97%。以本实验室分离流行毒株为模板,利用SYBR Green I荧光染料法进行RT-PCR扩增,获得扩增产物构建重组质粒作为阳性对照,建立检测猪流行性腹泻病毒核酸的方法。同一样品进行3次重复试验,变异系数0.9%。通过对临床样品进行检测和测序验证,核酸检测结果中的阳性样品准确率为100%。本研究所建立的荧光定量PCR检测方法具有快速、灵敏、准确等优点,可用于临床PEDV的检测及分子流行病学调查。     

Immune responses of orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,against virus-like particles of betanodavirus produced in Escherichia coli

Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a serious disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the good novel vaccine candidates to control this disease. Until now, betanodavirus vaccine studies mainly focused on the humoral immune response and mortality after virus challenge. However, little is known about the activation of genes responsible for cellular and innate immunity by vaccines. In the present study, VLPs of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV) were produced in prokaryotes and their ability to enter Asian sea bass cells was the same as native virus, suggesting that they possess a similar structure to OGNNV. VLPs immunogenicity was then determined by intramuscularly vaccinating Epinephelus coioides at different concentrations (1.5 or 15 μg g^?1 fish body weight, FBW) and immunizing frequencies (administration once, twice and thrice). A single vaccination with the dosage of 1.5 μg g^?1 FBW is enough to provoke high titer antibodies (average 3 fold higher than that of negative control) with strong neutralizing antibody titer as early as 1 week post immunization. Furthermore, quantitative PCR analysis revealed that eleven genes associated with humoral, cellular and innate immunities were up-regulated in the liver, spleen and head kidney at 12 h post immunization, correlating with the early antibody response. In conclusion, we demonstrated that VLP vaccination induced humoral immune responses and activated genes associated with cellular and innate immunity against betanodavirus infection in orange-spotted grouper.     

Substitution of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles for barley grain or barley silage in feedlot cattle diets: intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting wheat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) for barley grain and barley silage on intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in feedlot beef cattle. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus heifers (initial BW 455 ± 10.8 kg) were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 treatments: control, low (25%), medium (30%), and high (35%) wheat DDGS (DM basis). The diets consisted of barley silage, barley concentrate, and wheat DDGS in ratios of 15:85:0 (CON), 10:65:25 (25DDGS), 5:65:30 (30DDGS), and 0:65:35 (35DDGS; DM basis), respectively. The diets were formulated such that wheat DDGS was substituted for both barley grain and barley silage to evaluate whether wheat DDGS can be fed as a source of both energy (grain) and fiber in feedlot finishing diets. Intakes (kg/d) of DM and OM were not different, whereas those of CP, NDF, ADF, and ether extract (EE) were greater (P < 0.01) and intake of starch was less (P < 0.01) for the 25DDGS compared with the CON diet. The digestibilities of CP, NDF, ADF, and EE in the total digestive tract were greater (P < 0.05) for 25DDGS vs. CON. Ruminal pH and total VFA concentrations were not different (P > 0.15) between 25DDGS and CON diets. Replacing barley silage with increasing amounts of wheat DDGS (i.e., from 25DDGS to 35DDGS) linearly reduced (P < 0.05) intakes of DM and other nutrients without altering (P=0.40) CP intake. In contrast, digestibilities of DM and other nutrients in the total digestive tract linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing wheat DDGS except for that of EE. Additionally, with increasing amounts of wheat DDGS, mean ruminal pH tended (P=0.10) to linearly decrease, and ruminal pH status decreased with longer (P=0.04) duration of pH <5.5 and <5.2, and greater (P=0.01) curve area under pH <5.8 and <5.5 without altering (P > 0.19) ruminal VFA and NH(3)-N concentrations. Results indicated that wheat DDGS can be effectively used to replace both barley grain and silage at a moderate amount to meet energy and fiber requirements of finishing cattle. However, when silage content of the diet is low (<10%), wheat DDGS is not an effective fiber source, so replacing forage fiber with wheat DDGS in finishing diets decreases overall ruminal pH status even though the rapidly fermentable starch content of the diet is considerably reduced.