奶粉加工过程中维生素稳定性的研究

研究了维生素在乳粉加工过程中的稳定性.结果表明,原料奶经过均质、杀菌、浓缩、喷雾干燥后,各维生素的损失率分别为维生素A 97.3%、维生素D 94.7%、维生素E 96.7%、维生素B1 93.1%、维生素B2 90.8%;维生素C 99.5%.     

Protection of mice against Chlamydophila abortus infection with a bacteriophage-mediated DNA vaccine expressing the major outer membrane protein

A bacteriophage-delivered DNA vaccine against Chlamydophila abortus was constructed by cloning a eukaryotic cassette containing the ompA gene (which expresses the Major Outer Membrane Protein) into a bacteriophage lambda vector. Four groups, each of 20 BALB/c mice were inoculated separately with the phage vaccine, a conventional DNA vaccine based on the same ompA expression cassette, a live attenuated vaccine (strain 1B) or the empty phage vector. The phage and DNA vaccines and empty phage vector were administered intramuscularly on days 0, 14 and 28; the attenuated vaccine was given once on day 0. Half the animals in each group were challenged on day 42 by intraperitoneal injection of live C. abortus and sacrificed on day 49. Phage-vaccinated mice developed moderate antibody levels against C. abortus and yielded higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 compared with the attenuated live vaccine group. Clearance of chlamydiae from spleens was significantly better in the attenuated vaccine group compared with the phage vaccine group, while both groups were significantly superior to the DNA vaccine and control groups (p<0.01). Although levels of protection in the mouse model were lower in phage-vaccinated animals, than in 1B vaccinated animals, phage vaccines offer several other advantages, such as easier handling and safety, potentially cheaper production and no chance of reversion to virulence. Although these are preliminary results in a model system, it is possible that with further optimisation immunization with phage vaccines may provide a novel way to improve protection against C. abortus infection and trials in large animals are currently being initiated.     

Serological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Domestic Goose (Anser domestica) in Southern China

In the present study, the antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 191 farm‐bred and 83 house‐bred geese (Anser domestica) were assessed for the prevalence of T. gondii infection in southern China with the modified agglutination test. Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT ≥ 1 : 5) were found in 27 (14.14%) of farm‐bred geese and 14 (16.87%) of house‐bred geese. Geese infected with T. gondii may be a source of T. gondii infection for humans and cats.     

恢复措施对云南退化山地草甸土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

采用围栏封育、补播、重建等恢复措施,并以围栏外为对照,研究各措施对不同退化梯度的山地草甸土壤微生物数量、脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性的影响.结果表明:土壤细菌的数量补播显著高于其它措施和对照(P<0.05);各植被恢复措施对山地草甸细菌数量的影响基本上表现为补播>自然封育>重建,而对真菌和放线菌数量的影响为重建>补播>自然封育;对土壤脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性的影响为自然封育>补播>重建;土壤脲酶活性与细菌数量呈显著正相关,过氧化氢酶活性与细菌数量呈显著正相关.     

不同毒力猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒对仔猪肺和外周免疫器官损伤的研究

为研究不同毒力的PRRSV对仔猪肺脏和外周免疫器官损伤的差异,本实验分别采用PRRSV变异株(HuN4株)和PRRSV经典株(CH-1a株)感染35日龄健康的断奶仔猪,并在感染后0 d、3 d、7 d、10 d和14 d各迫杀3头,检测肺、颌下淋巴结、肠系淋巴结、腹股沟淋巴结、扁桃体和脾脏的病毒载量及病理变化情况,同时检测血清中抗PRRSV的抗体水平。结果表明:感染后3 d肺脏及各免疫器官可检测到病毒,HuN4感染组病毒载量比CH-1a感染组病毒载量高1 000倍;HuN4感染组病毒载量峰值出现在感染后10 d,而CH-1a感染组维持着较低水平的病毒载量。组织病理学检测显示HuN4感染组淋巴结内淋巴细胞显著减少,呈空泡状;CH-1a感染组淋巴结内淋巴细胞轻度减少,呈星隙状。本实验表明HuN4株比CH-1a株对肺和外周免疫器官造成更严重的损伤。     

对虾白斑综合症病毒变性高效液相色谱检测方法的建立与应用

据对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的基因保守序列,使用Primer Explorer V3软件设计了2条引物,利用PCR的扩增产物,结合变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术,建立了一种对虾白斑综合症病毒的DHPLC快速检测方法。该检测方法特异性好,与传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病毒、斑节对虾杆状病毒、肝胰腺细小病毒、对虾杆状病毒以及对虾基因组DNA无交叉反应;检测灵敏度较高,约为10-5ng/μL,高于常规PCR及荧光定量PCR的灵敏度。用建立的DHPLC方法对100尾对虾样品进行了临床检测,结果与荧光定量PCR检测结果一致。WSSV的DHPLC检测方法,特异性强、灵敏度高,是对WSSV进行有效检测的一种新方法。     

全方位入手实现无抗、替抗养猪

抗生素是由微生物( 包括细 菌、真菌、放线菌属) 或高等动植 物在生命过程中所产生的,具有抗 病原体或其他活性的,一类次级代 谢产物,能对抗在人或动物体内的 致病菌等病原体,可治疗大多数细 菌、立克次体、支原体、衣原体、 螺旋体等微生物感染导致的疾病. 现临床常用的抗生素有微生物培养 液中提取物以及用化学方法合成或 半...     

饲料添加剂类抗生素替代品在生猪养殖中的研究进展

随着现代社会的发展,集约化养殖成为主流趋势,抗生素的缺失往往会给养殖者带来巨大损失.但是,长期以来,抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药性和药物残留问题日益严峻.随着我国2020年饲料添加剂类的抗生素的禁用,寻找高速、有效的抗生素替代品成为养殖业急需解决的重要问题.近年来,涌现出的各种饲料添加剂,如酸化剂、微生态制剂、酶制剂、植物...     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数.结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0...     

2016—2020年安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征定点监测

为了解安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)免疫状况及流行趋势,2016—2020年采用间接ELISA和荧光RT-PCR方法,在代表安徽省不同区域的3个定点监测县,随机采集21个规模化猪场的1190份猪血清和1189份猪扁桃体样品,分别进行血清抗体检测和病毒核酸检测,并统计分析时间、区间、群间变化规律.结果...