凉山不同产区光叶紫花苕植株植物学性状的分析研究

通过对6个不同产区凉山光叶紫花苕Vicia benghalensis综合性状分析,凉山光叶紫花苕存在明显的类型划分,盐源产区生育期最短,刈割后再生能力最差,平均每株分枝数最少,其以分枝长度长、叶量大、茎秆粗壮而获得较大生物量,而昭觉产区则相反;在植株植物学性状聚类分析中,盐源、昭觉产区独自各为一类,布拖、普格、小兴场、云南并为一类,可将盐源产区凉山光叶紫花苕划分为早熟类型,昭觉产区为晚熟类型,其他4个产区性状介于二者之间,属中熟类型。通过性状相关通径分析,影响凉山光叶紫花苕生物量的主要性状是叶量和分枝长度。     

Variation in baobab seedling morphology and its implications for selecting superior planting material

With the aim of helping to select superior planting material for drought characteristics, baobab seedlings from two countries, one in western and one in south-eastern Africa, were grown in a greenhouse and their growth and morphology were studied. Seedlings were grown for 18 weeks and several morphological characteristics (length, diameter and dry weights of different plant parts, number of leaves, stomatal density, among others) were recorded at different harvesting times. Biomass allocation changed with time: seedlings invested more in fine roots and leaves in the beginning of their growth while later they invested more in the development of the taproot. In general, at any harvest time, seedlings from Malawi were larger; but seedlings from Mali had higher relative growth rates and a faster ontogeny. Seedlings from Mali had shorter hypocotyls, their stems were thicker, they had fewer leaves, lower leaf area ratios and, in general, they had a higher stomatal density than those from Malawi. Significant differences between provenances within one country could also be observed. In general, seedlings from drier provenances were smaller overall, they had fewer leaves, higher taproot water content and stomatal density, characteristics often related to drought adaptation. Seedlings from drier provenances also invested more in their taproot, a key organ for baobab seedling survival. Although our seedlings were only grown under optimal conditions in a greenhouse, results from this study indicate that there is a great variation in baobab seedling growth, biomass allocation to plant parts and morphology, which gives opportunities to select high quality planting material.     

Assessing morphological and isozyme variation of jackfruit (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Artocarpus heterophyllus</Emphasis> Lam.) in Bangladesh

A farmers’ participatory survey was carried out in five different agroecosystems of Bangladesh to obtain information on the genetic diversity, consumers preferences for fruit quality and to assess the data to select potentially superior genotypes of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). A wide variation in morpho-agronomic characters was identified from farmers’ information and also from laboratory analyses. Multivariate analysis of the data produced four discrete groups, represented by trees from different agroecological zones and soil types. Characteristics such as weight; length; diameter; girth of fruits; number of bulbs per fruit; percentage of pulp; percentage of rachis (core); and percentage of rind (peel) were found to be poorly correlated with environmental factors indicating that these characters may be genetically controlled. Other characters, such as seed weight, bulb weight, and brix (%) were found to be affected by environmental and genetic factors. Isozyme analysis of 50 accessions confirmed results obtained from field studies of morpho-agronomic characters. Ten potentially superior types were selected on the basis of yield, fruiting season, flesh colour, texture, sweetness, and farmers’ preference for recommendation to producers.     

不同土壤耕作法对作物产量及土壤硝态氮淋失的影响

针对华北平原小麦—玉米两熟区不同土壤耕法下玉米产量及玉米生育期土壤硝态氮迁移进行研究,结果表明,翻耕模式下玉米产量最高,免耕下最低。在0~180 cm土体中,收获期与苗期相比,翻耕硝态氮含量平均减少了66.6%;旋耕平均减少了21.7%;免耕则平均减少了20.9%。累积峰出现的深度与硝态氮淋失有直接关系。对比3种模式,翻耕累积峰最深,硝态氮淋失威胁最大;免耕无明显累积峰。在施肥、灌溉等影响硝态氮淋失的可控因子以外,从耕作模式上研究硝态氮淋失是今后研究的方向。     

Conditioned medium of E17 rat brain cells induced differentiation of primary colony of mice blastocyst into neuron-like cells

BackgroundConditioned medium is the medium obtained from certain cultured cells and contained secretome from the cells. The secretome, which can be in the form of growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, or other proteins secreted by the cells, can induce the differentiation of cells that still have pluripotent or multipotent properties.ObjectivesThis study examined the effects of conditioned medium derived from E17 rat brain cells on cells with pluripotent properties.MethodsThe conditioned medium used in this study originated from E17 rat brain cells. The CM was used to induce the differentiation of primary colonies of mice blastocysts. Primary colonies were stained with alkaline phosphatase to analyze the pluripotency. The morphological changes in the colonies were examined, and the colonies were stained with GFAP and Neu-N markers on days two and seven after adding the conditioned medium.ResultsThe conditioned medium could differentiate the primary colony, beginning with the formation of embryoid-body-like structure; round GFAP positive cells were identified. Finally, neuron-like cells testing positive for Neu-N were observed on the seventh day after adding the conditioned medium.ConclusionsConditioned medium from different species, in this case, E17 rat brain cells, induced and promoted the differentiation of the primary colony from mice blastocysts into neuron-like cells. The addition of CM mediated neurite growth in the differentiation process.     

鱼类镀膜保鲜技术研究

以褐藻酸钙膜为主要镀膜材料,通过对石斑鱼、平鲷、真鲷、七星鲈、大黄鱼等几种鱼类在保鲜过程中鲜度指标Ｋ值、ＴＭＡ、ＶＢ－Ｎ及鱼体中细菌总数、感官指标的分析测定,研究了镀膜保鲜技术在这几种鱼类中的应用效果。研究发现,经镀膜的鱼在同等条件的保鲜过程中细菌总数远低于未镀膜的鱼,各项鲜度指标、感官指标也均明显优于未镀膜的鱼,采用镀膜保鲜技术有助利延长鱼类的保质期限、其保质期可延长４～５天。     

Dynamics of Follicular Fluid in One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

In the present study, ovarian follicular fluid and serum biochemical, hormonal, electrolytes and amino acids profiles in female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), were investigated. Fluid from small (2–6 mm) and large follicles (7–20 mm) and blood samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy adult female camels. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tri‐iodothyronine were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles when compared with the small follicles. However, the concentrations of low‐density lipoproteins, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in small and large follicles did not differ. The concentrations of oestradiol 17‐β and progesterone were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles. The serum concentrations of these hormones were many folds lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those of follicular fluid. Among electrolytes, the concentration of phosphorus was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the large follicles, while that of potassium and chloride were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the small follicles. Serum concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorous were higher (p ≤ 0.05), while that of potassium lower (p ≤ 0.05) than corresponding concentrations in the follicular fluid. The concentrations of leucine and arginine were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in follicular fluid when compared with serum concentrations, while the reverse was true for other amino acids. In conclusion, this study is indicative of either low or high concentrations of certain biochemical metabolites, hormones, electrolytes and amino acids in small and large follicles for the individual roles that they play in the growth and development of follicles in the one‐humped she‐camel.