Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aciculosporium take</Emphasis>, a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo

 Aciculosporium take (Ascomycota; Clavicipitaceae) is a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo plants. The symptoms of this disease are believed to be induced by plant hormones, particularly auxins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified in cultures of this fungus in an l-tryptophan-supplemented liquid medium. IAA production was confirmed on 30 isolates of A. take from various hosts and locations at levels up to 1 mg/l. The biosynthetic pathway of IAA in A. take culture was examined by analyzing intermediate products and by feeding experiments. The results showed that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway (l-tryptophan → indole-3-pyruvic acid → indole acetaldehyde → IAA) was the dominant pathway in A. take. Received: June 3, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002     

Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.     

核桃树体内酚类物质含量的变化

通过对核桃酚类物质含量变化研究,结果表明,核桃枝、芽、叶中均有酚类物质存在,其平均含量范围为29.5～118.6 mg/g DW。核桃酚类物质分布随器官组织和季节的不同而有差异,即:枝条初皮部>叶片>芽体>枝条木质部;一年生韧皮部和芽体中酚类物质含量均于休眠达到高峰。不同核桃品种间酚类物质含量存在差异性,即:光皮绵核桃>白水核桃>辽核1号>中林5号。     

猪附红细胞体病的诊断和防治

近年我县发生了一种类似猪瘟症状的疾病 ,表现为高热、嗜睡、全身发红等 ,导致猪群 (特别是仔猪 )大批死亡。经采用注射青霉素、链霉素、磺胺类药、退烧解毒药等治疗 ,效果不理想。特别是在使用磺胺类药物后 ,会加重病情。该病在我县呈蔓延趋势 ,给广大养殖户造成了很大的经济损失。后与省畜牧研究所联合研究 ,根据临床症状、病理剖检、实验室检查等 ,确诊为猪附红细胞体病。经对症下药 ,很快控制了该病的流行和蔓延 ,确保养殖业的健康稳定发展。1流行病学特点本病一年四季均可发生 ,但以夏秋多发。蚊等吸血节肢昆虫可传播该病 ,各种年龄、…     

稀土元素铈对‘红地球’葡萄组培苗生长的影响

 以‘红地球’葡萄组培苗茎段为外植体，在培养基中添加1～100 mg·L^-1 Ce(NO₃)₃，，研究 不同浓度Ce(NO₃)₃对其生长的影响。结果表明适宜浓度的Ce(NO，)，(1～10 mg·L^-1 )对‘红地球’葡萄组培苗的生长具有促进作用，加快外植体生根，侧根数及侧根总长显著增加,根、茎、叶鲜样质量和干样质量也增加，根系活力提高而增加移栽成活率，增加叶绿素含量，有利于植株对矿质营养的吸收。而100 mg·L^-1。Ce(NO₃)₃对葡萄组培苗生长起明显抑制作用。     

肥城桃两品系果实细胞壁成分和水解酶活性的比较

 随着果实发育成熟，肥城桃两品系果实中细胞壁含量不断下降。可溶性果胶从8月1～16日明显增加，这时果肉硬度下降最快。两品系果实的细胞壁中离子结合果胶和纤维素含量下降比例不同，这可能是造成两品系成熟软化特性不同的主要因素之一。果实发育后期‘白里肥城桃’和‘红里肥城桃’纤维素酶活性变化的不同，意味着纤维素酶在肥城桃果实软化中起重要作用。肥城桃果实中没有检测到内切PG活性，成熟后期外切PG活性上升较快。     

Functional heterogeneity in resources within landscapes and herbivore population dynamics

Large mammalian herbivores are notorious for their propensity towards population irruptions and crashes, yet many herbivore populations remain relatively stable. I explore how resource heterogeneity within landscapes dampens population instability, using a metaphysiological modelling approach considering patch state distributions. Resource heterogeneity is functionally stabilizing through spreading consumption away from preferred resources before these become critically depleted. Lower-quality resources act as a buffer against starvation during critical periods of the seasonal cycle. Enriching resource quality is destabilizing, even if patch diversity is maintained, because food quantity then becomes the limitation. The potential consequences of landscape fragmentation are explored using the Serengeti ecosystem, characterised by broadscale resource gradients, as a hypothetical example. Further insights provided by the model are illustrated with specific examples concerning the effects of patch scales and waterpoint distribution. A metaphysiological modelling approach enables the basic consequences of landscape heterogeneity to be distinguished from further effects that may arise from specific patch scales and configurations, without the distracting detail of spatially explicit models.     

敌百虫的液相色谱分析方法

本文采用即以乙腈+水(50+50)为流动相,用CN柱和紫外检测器分离测定敌百虫原药及40%敌·毒乳油中敌百虫反相高效液相色谱法。结果表明,本方法的标准偏差为0.3233,变异系数为0.3551%,平均回收率为99.65%,线性相关系数为0.9997。     

除草剂最低致死剂量(MLHD)使用新技术概述

本文论述了荷兰MLHD技术的基本内容、技术原理、应用程序等．并针对荷兰的农业特点、开发背景，对该技术在荷兰与中国的应用前景及可行性等进行了比较分析．作者认为合理地利用该技术将有利于我国农业的可持续发展。