大豆黄酮对奶牛血清钙、磷及葡萄糖水平的影响

本研究选用40头胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分成4组(n=10),试验组奶牛日粮中分别添加45、60和75mg/kg大豆黄酮,在试验前及试验开始后第10天、第20天和第30天颈静脉采血,测定4组奶牛血清钙、磷和葡萄糖水平。结果表明:与对照组相比较,试验1组中血清钙、磷和葡萄糖变化均不显著(P>0.05);试验2组仅血清钙在第30天时显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验3组第10天和20天时血清钙水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),第30天时血清钙水平极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而血糖水平仅第30天显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Effects of Latent Infection of Stock Plants and Abundance of Thrips on the Occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato spotted wilt virus </Emphasis>in Chrysanthemum Fields

DAS-ELISA proved to be reliable enough to detect a latent infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in asymptomatic stock plants of chrysanthemum. A high density of Frankliniella occidentalis, the predominant vector, in the presence of latently infected stock plants resulted in a high incidence of disease in the chrysanthemum production field. The incidence of disease was low when the vector thrips were not abundant in spite of the presence of latently infected stock plants. These results suggest that an infestation of the vector thrips causes severe secondary spread of TSWV originating from latently infected stock plants in chrysanthemum production fields. Received 27 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 November 2001     

草莓成熟过程中NAD激酶、NADP磷酸酶活性

 研究了‘春星’草莓果实成熟时NAD 激酶、NADP 磷酸酶活性及NAD 激酶部分特性。结果表明, NAD 激酶和NADP 磷酸酶活性在果实绿色期到乳白期升高, 粉红期下降, 全红期又再次升高。NAD 激酶可被Ca²⁺ 强烈抑制, 被EGTA (Ca²⁺专一性螯合剂) 激活。随着成熟进程, NAD 激酶对ATP 的依赖性增加。     

少刺型黄瓜新品种中农9号的选育

中农 9号黄瓜是用自交系 183和 185配制而成的少刺、短瓜型高产多抗一代杂种。中早熟 ,生长势强 ,耐低温弱光性好。抗黑星病、枯萎病、细菌性角斑病 ,中抗霜霉病等。每 6 6 7m2 产量 75 0 0～ 15 0 0 0kg。适宜日光温室、春棚及秋棚延后栽培 ,以日光温室越冬嫁接栽培效果最好。已在山东莱西、莱阳、青岛、寿光及江苏等地推广 10 0 0hm2 以上。     

Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aciculosporium take</Emphasis>, a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo

 Aciculosporium take (Ascomycota; Clavicipitaceae) is a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo plants. The symptoms of this disease are believed to be induced by plant hormones, particularly auxins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified in cultures of this fungus in an l-tryptophan-supplemented liquid medium. IAA production was confirmed on 30 isolates of A. take from various hosts and locations at levels up to 1 mg/l. The biosynthetic pathway of IAA in A. take culture was examined by analyzing intermediate products and by feeding experiments. The results showed that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway (l-tryptophan → indole-3-pyruvic acid → indole acetaldehyde → IAA) was the dominant pathway in A. take. Received: June 3, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002     

Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.     

落叶果树氮素营养研究进展

氮素作为养分与信号对果树的生长发育及产量品质的形成有重要影响。近年来有关果树的施氮效应、需氮特性、诊断技术、精准施氮技术的研究取得了许多进展,在保证果树优质丰产的前提下,为降低氮肥施用量,提高氮肥利用率,减少环境污染提供了施氮的原理与技术。     

‘禅寺丸’甜柿2n花粉形成机制的研究

 以2n花粉发生频率较高的甜柿品种‘禅寺丸’为试材，研究影响2n花粉形成的减数分裂行为。结果表明：2n花粉形成受融合纺锤体(fused spindles)，八字形纺锤体(triangle spindles)及后期Ⅱ染色单体不正常分离(abnormal disorientation of sister chromatid)3种减数分裂行为控制；融合纺锤体及八字形纺锤体形成的2n花粉占2n花粉总数的94.8%，在遗传上等同于FDR(first division restitution，第1次分裂重组)型配子；由姊妹染色单体不正常分离形成的2n花粉在遗传上等同于SDR (second division restitution，第2次分裂重组)型配子。甜柿2n花粉绝大多数为FDR型，因而在倍性育种中有重要的应用价值。     

黄瓜叶色突变体遗传机制的研究

 从黄瓜雌性系9110G中发现能稳定遗传的叶色突变体。该突变体子叶和第1～2片真叶最初为金黄色，叶绿素含量约为正常株的3／5，但随着叶片的生长这些叶片逐渐转绿。该突变体叶色黄主要是由叶绿素降低引起的，与类胡萝卜素无关。通过对亲本、F。、BE及F2后代观察和叶绿素测定，证明该突变体是细胞核遗传，由单一隐性基因控制，并且绿色对黄色为不完全显性。该突变性状是研究光合系统和基因定位的好材料，同时也可用来作为指示性状鉴定杂种纯度。