添加己酸和盐酸对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响

通过测定盐酸、己酸处理的玉米秸秆青贮饲料的pH值、含水率、有机酸含量及组成、干物质消失率、NDF瘤胃降解率、干物质回收率和青贮饲料化学成分，研究了盐酸、己酸的处理对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响。试验结果表明：在玉米秸秆青贮饲料中添加盐酸，降低了青贮饲料中乳酸占总酸的比例和干物质回收率，并使青贮饲料的细胞壁物质含量显著增加，明显降低了玉米秸秆青贮饲料的质量；己酸的添加对青贮饲料质量无显著影响(P＞0．05)；盐酸和己酸的共同处理除了明显改善青贮饲料的色泽、气味和质地外，还可明显降低青贮饲料中OB，ADF和ADL的含量(P＞0．05)，显著提高了青贮饲料的营养价值。     

速溶性大豆分离蛋白生产工艺优化

以中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶复配为工具酶,以水解度为指标,通过单因素试验与响应面分析对大豆分离蛋白的酶解工艺进行优化,并添加磷脂、蔗糖,以溶解性为指标优化调配工艺,提高其速溶性.结果得到最佳酶解工艺参数为pH7.08,温度51.6℃,酶(木瓜蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶按质量比1∶1复配)添加量22.45 mg·g-1,酶解时间3h;在此酶解条件下,大豆分离蛋白的水解度达20.3％,溶解度达72％.最佳调配工艺为磷脂添加量0.8％,蔗糖添加量3.0％,最终产品溶解度达92.9％.样品溶于水后下沉快,易溶解,无团块.     

近红外技术快速测定肉鸡粪便主要肥料成分含量的研究

该文探讨了利用近红外光谱分析技术(NIRS)快速测定肉鸡粪便主要肥料成分含量的可行性。在饲养试验过程中采集了肉鸡粪便样品183个，利用常规实验室分析方法测定了其中的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)、铵态氮(AN)、有效磷(EP)含量，利用近红外光谱仪取得了样品在1421.5～2572.2 nm波段的光谱，并使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)结合交互验证(CV)和留一检验法(LOO)建立了肉鸡粪便肥料成分的近红外光谱定标模型，同时利用该模型对20个样品的总氮、总磷、总钾、铵态氮、有效磷的含量进行预测，得出的5种主要肥料成分的预测值和真实值(实验室经典化学分析方法测定值)之间具有显著的相关性，其相关系数分别为0.9574，0.9590，0.9870，0.9572和0.9650。预测标准差分别为0.0014，0.0012，0.0012，2.3041×10^-4和0.3814。结果表明，利用近红外光谱法对肉鸡粪便风干样品的主要肥料成分进行快速测定是可行的。     

Pressure correction to the long-term measurement of carbon dioxide flux

Fluctuations in atmospheric CO₂ density can arise from static pressure fluctuations but their effect on the long-term eddy covariance (EC) CO₂ flux measurement is poorly known. In this paper, we report the results of a 1-year direct measurement of the static pressure fluctuations and the velocity-pressure covariance over a mixed forest in Northeast China. The results show that the pressure-vertical velocity covariance was primarily controlled by friction velocity and air stability. Without the pressure correction, the open-path EC measurement of the nighttime ecosystem respiration was biased low and that of the daytime photosynthetic CO₂ uptake was biased high. Over the 1-year measurement period, the cumulative pressure correction was 40 gCm⁻², which was about 20% of the annual net ecosystem production of this forest. Using the friction velocity data found in the literature, we estimated the magnitudes of the pressure correction for the major ecosystem types in the long-term global EC network (FluxNet).     

Genotypic prevalence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence in Escherichia coli isolates in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea in Korea

A total of 1002 Escherichia coli strains isolated from pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea on 1114 swine farms were screened for the presence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates that carried AIDA genes were also tested by PCR for the detection of five fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), heat-stable (STa, STb) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1), and Shiga toxin 2 oedema disease (Stx2e) genes. Twenty-three (2.3%) of the 1002 E. coli isolates carried the gene for AIDA. Among 23 isolates shown to carry genes for AIDA, three carried the AIDA gene as the only shown virulence factor. Other isolates carried other virulence factor genes in addition to AIDA. Four isolates carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins and enterotoxins. Sixteen isolates carried genes for enterotoxins only. The AIDA may represent an additional virulence determinant in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea.     

Integrated pest management of Tuta absoluta: practical implementations across different world regions

Journal of Pest Science - The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has invaded most Afro-Eurasian countries and is threatening worldwide tomato...     

上向流曝气生物滤池中有机氮沿程转化规律与生物特性研究

为揭示上向流曝气生物滤池中有机氮沿程转化规律及其微生物特性,优化滤池的设计与运行,以有机氮废水为处理对象,在水力负荷0.329～0.50 5m3/(m2?h)、气水比4-5：1、沿程DO 3.0～5.85 mg/L、不加任何有机碳源的情况下,研究氮元素沿程转化规律。结果表明：曝气生物滤池内有机氮氨化与硝化同步进行,90%以上的溶解性有机氮（DON）转化为NO3-N;滤池沿程各段对于TKN的降解进程（TKN→NH3-N）与NH3-N的硝化进程（NH3-N→NO2--N→NO3--N）一致;微生物总量沿水流方向呈逐渐递减趋势;生物耗氧速率（OUR）沿程逐渐减小,OUR数量级为101 mg/（g?h）。该研究可为硝化滤池的设计提供理论依据以及滤池运行参数的优化提供技术支持。     

不同物料粒度浸提工艺参数对黄芪多糖水提效果的影响

以浸提液中的总糖含量为指标,试验研究浸提工艺参数对黄芪多糖水提效果的影响。试验结果表明,黄芪颗粒粒度、浸提温度对黄芪多糖浸提效果影响显著,60~70℃浸提温度下的黄芪总糖含量最高,物料粒径<0.3mm(60目)时浸提液中的黄芪总糖含量>35 mg/mL;浸提60 min后浸提液中黄芪总糖含量达到平衡状态;液固比对黄芪多糖浸提效果的影响不显著。     

陆水水库鳜属鱼类食性及消化器官的比较研究

通过对陆水水库三种鳜属鱼类的食性及消化器官比较，结果表明，三种鳜都以摄食鱼虾为主，在鳜和大眼鳜的食物组成中，虾的出现率分别为８２．３５％和８１．０３％，鱼的出现率分别为４７．０６％和３１．２３％，斑鳜中鱼和虾和出现率分别为６３．０７％和５０．０７％，鱼虾出现率在不同月份变化圈套。鳜摄食强度最大，大眼鳜次之，斑鳜最小。但它们摄食鱼的饱满分指数均大于虾。在消化器官中，鳜、斑鳜、大眼鳜的幽门盲囊的平均数