大肠杆菌耐热性肠毒素ST1—K99／LacZ基因重组的研究

将构建的ｐＢＳＴ２～６工程菌质粒用限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ／ＢｇｌⅡ酶切，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳和电洗脱，回收１４７ｂｐ的目的ＳＴ１基因。随之将该基因分别重组到能有效表达Ｋ９９菌毛抗原和ＬａｃＺ酶的ｐＧＫ９９之Ｋ９９基因ＢｇｌⅡ位点和ｐＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨＩ位点中。通过ＳＴ１基因探针菌落原位杂交、特定酶切分析及ＤＮＡ序列分析，筛选并鉴定出了理想重组子，从而构建出了能分别表达ＳＴ１融合基因产物的工程菌株ｐＳＫ２１９和ｐＸＳＴ１。     

分泌抗鸡Ig单抗杂交瘤细胞系的建立与单抗生物学特性的鉴定

从传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞系１Ｄ１０、１Ｇ１中得到了３株能稳定分泌抗鸡免疫球蛋白（Ｉｇ）ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞系１Ｂ７、１Ｄ７、３Ｇ６。其抗体类和亚类均属ＩｇＧ２ｂ，腹水的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价≥１∶２５６００，琼扩效价为１∶８～１∶１６。３株ＭｃＡｂ能与鸡血清中的Ｉｇ出现沉淀反应，琼扩在２４ｈ以内出现清晰的沉淀线，而不能和鸭、鸽、鹌鹑等禽类及异种动物血清出现沉淀线。纯化的鸡ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后，分别用纯化并经辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＰＲ）标记的１Ｂ７、１Ｄ７、３Ｇ６单抗酶结合物进行免疫印迹试验证明，３株单抗识别的均为ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ分子的轻链     

Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations

Soil pH declined from 5.9 to 5.0 in 8 years beneath plantations of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) in Hawaii. In stands of Albizia falcataria, (L.) Fosberg, the soil pH change was more dramatic, declining from 5.9 to 4.6. We measured several components of soil acidity beneath four mixtures of the two tree species to gain insight on the processes responsible for the decline in soil pH. These components were studied using an empirical method of comparing acid quantity, degree of neutralization (depletion of base cations), and acid strength. The decline in soil pH differed between species as a result of differences in the degree of neutralization of the soil exchange complex; the larger decrease in soil pH under Albizia was produced by greater acidification of the exchange complex. Empirical titration curves suggested that differences in acid strength moderated the divergence in soil pH beneath the species. Had the acids accumulating in the soil under Albizia been as strong as those in the Eucalyptus soil, the difference in soil pH would have been greater. Though the two species had contrasting effects on soil pH, the differences in degree of neutralization, responsible for the pH decline, were small compared with differences in the amount of cations stored in tree biomass. Continued supply of nutrient cations (from weathering or fertilization) will ultimately control both the extent of soil pH decline and the level of productivity sustained by the forest.     

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus: cross-reactivities to field isolates and hog cholera virus strains.

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were examined for binding with a large number of North American BVDV isolates and eight strains of the serologically related pestivirus, hog cholera virus (HCV). No single BVDV monoclonal antibody reacted with all BVDV isolates. The most cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was an anti-p80/p125 antibody which showed a positive reaction with 173 of 180 (96%) North American isolates. From a fewer number of isolates tested, one anti-gp53 monoclonal antibody also showed a high cross-reactivity (94%). All BVDV isolates showed a positive reaction with at least one of the seven monoclonal antibodies in the panel. Thus, the results indicated that a pool of these monoclonal antibodies may be used in place of polyclonal antisera for the detection of BVDV contamination of cell lines or for virus isolation. For HCV, all three anti-p80/p125 monoclonal antibodies reacted positively with all eight virus strains. In contrast, none of the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies were reactive to HCV strains. Thus, the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies may be useful for distinguishing between usually innocuous BVDV infections and the highly significant HCV infections in swine for foreign animal disease surveillance.     

Comparative effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists on the cecocolic motility in the pony.

The electrical and mechanical activity of the large intestine and its response to administration of opiate mu and kappa agonists were assessed from electrodes and inductograph coils chronically implanted on the cecocolic segment in six ponies given a diet of hay and concentrates. Before the drugs were given, migrating complexes propagating from the cecum into the colon occurred at the rate of 1.5 to 16/hour. During this propulsive activity, the cecocolic sphincter opened and closed allowing the outflow of cecal contents and preventing the backflow of colic contents. Each pony was used as its own control and was given fentanyl (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and U50488H (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, IV) at weekly intervals. The mu agonist fentanyl elicited a marked phase of inhibition of the propulsive activity and a closure of the cecocolic sphincter that lasted one to two hours depending on the dose. The kappa agonist U50488H induced an inhibition of the short spiking activity, i.e. of the resting muscle tone. It did not disturb the occurrence of migrating complexes nor that of the openings of the cecocolic sphincter. These kappa compounds may be drugs of choice to alleviate visceral pain in colic stases without inducing delay of transit unlike mu compounds.     

原木灵芝孢子粉和浸膏粉中的牛磺酸

采用热水提取－磺基水杨酸沉淀法进行样品的前处理，利用氨基酸自动分析仪测定供试样品的牛磺酸含量。试验结果表明，原木灵芝孢子粉和破壁孢子粉中牛磺酸含量分别为8．44mg/100g-9.23mg/100g和7．34mg/100g-7.89mg/100g，而灵芝浸膏粉中牛磺酸含量高达140．82mg/100g-157.38mg/100g.     

茉莉酸对苹果气孔运动及抗旱性的影响

50、75、100、150 mg／L JA处理苹果叶片表皮，使开放气孔的气孔开度分别减小27．4％、37．5％、56．9％和63．8％，使关闭后的气孔在光下开放时气孔开度分别减小15％、18％、28．8％、52．5％、61．3％；处理植株后干旱胁迫，叶片相对电导率分别降低15％、18％、31％、58％，脯氨酸含量分别提高0．09％、0．40％、0．42％、0．54 ng／gFW，可溶性糖含量分别提高1．89％、2．53％、3．80％、5．06％。25 mg／L JA处理与对照均无显著差别。JA的作用表现出明显的浓度效应。     

葡萄品种需冷量及打破休眠研究

对上海地区葡萄促成栽培的几个主要品种的休眠需冷量进行了调查,发现在供试的5个品种中以里扎马特的需冷量最低,自然条件下仅为447.5h;其次为京亚和巨峰,需冷量均低于1000h;绯红和无核白鸡心需冷量最高,均超过1000h。由此推算,上海地区葡萄结束自然休眠的时间在1月上旬至2月中旬。打破休眠的试验表明以20%石灰氮12月中旬处理效果最佳。     

葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的离体培养

为了克服葡萄二倍体品种与四倍体品种之间的交配障碍,进行了杂交胚珠的离体培养研究。发芽胚珠的取样时期集中于授粉后35～75d,其中多数以二倍体作母本的组合在授粉后55d取样的发芽率最高,以四倍体作母本的组合授粉后70d取样的发芽率最高。基本培养模式为:发育培养基-(剥胚)萌发培养基-生长培养基。用二倍体品种作母本时,所有组合均获得了培养苗,在1号培养基上培养的胚珠发芽率高于2号培养基。反交对培养基的要求有相反趋势,其中2个组合未得到培养苗。授粉后60d,直接剥出杂种胚进行培养,得到了最高发芽率。综合分析初步认为,用二倍体品种作母本比用四倍体品种作母本容易获得杂交后代。     

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftiofur in serum, tissue chamber fluid and bronchial secretions from healthy beef-bred calves.

Ceftiofur is a new broad spectrum cephalosporin marketed for the treatment of acute bovine respiratory disease. In this investigation ceftiofur was administered by intramuscular injection, at 24 h intervals, to healthy beef-bred calves for four days at dosages of 2.2 and 4.4 mg/kg of body weight, with 4 wk intervals between dosing regimens. Serum, tissue chamber fluid (TCF), and bronchial secretion (BS) concentrations of ceftiofur were measured by microbiological assay after the first and fourth dose of each dosing regimen. Peak serum concentrations (Cmax) of 8.8 micrograms/mL and 17.3 micrograms/mL were obtained approximately 2 h (Tmax), the time of mean peak concentration) after single injections of 2.2 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg, respectively. The Cmax was increased approximately twofold following multiple doses of 2.2 mg/kg (Cmax = 13.1 micrograms/mL) and 4.4 mg/kg (Cmax = 24.1 micrograms/mL). Ceftiofur accumulated slowly into TCF and peak concentrations were found to be approximately 14% of those observed in serum after the first dose and approximately 24% after multiple dosing. Concentrations of ceftiofur in BS were obtained rapidly with peak concentrations reaching 45% of the serum Cmax after the first dose. After multiple dosing the Cmax for BS was approximately 25% of the serum Cmax. This study found that both the 2.2 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg dosing regimens resulted in continuous serum, TCF and BS concentrations of ceftiofur that exceeded the minimal concentration required to inhibit the bacteria most frequently isolated from calves with acute bovine respiratory disease.