群居型和散居型亚洲小车蝗成虫能量代谢相关酶活性测定

为明确亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus成虫飞行肌对其体内能源物质利用的情况,采用室内生化法测定能源物质代谢相关5种酶,即3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)、3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(glycerol-3-phosphate dehyd...     

Genetic manipulation for enhancing calcium content in potato tuber

Increased calcium (Ca) in potatoes may increase the production rate by enhancing tuber quality and storability. Additionally, increased Ca levels in important agricultural crops may help ameliorate the incidence of osteoporosis. However, the capacity to alter Ca levels in potato tubers through genetic manipulations has not been previously addressed. Here we demonstrate that potato tubers expressing the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter sCAX1 (N-terminal autoinhibitory domain truncated version of CAtion eXchanger 1) contain up to 3-fold more Ca than wild-type tubers. The increased Ca appears to be distributed throughout the tuber. The sCAX1-expressing potatoes have normally undergone the tuber/plant/tuber cycle for three generations; the trait appeared stable through successive generations. The expression of sCAX1 does not appear to alter potato growth and development. Furthermore, increased Ca levels in sCAX1-expressing tubers do not appear to alter tuber morphology or yield. Given the preponderance of potato consumption worldwide, these transgenic plants may be a means of marginally increasing Ca intake levels in the population. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempts to use biotechnology to increase the Ca content of potatoes.     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

不同氮磷施用量对丹参产量及有效成份的影响

采用氮、磷二因素五水平二次D-饱和最优设计,于2002年在陕西天士力商洛药用植物有限公司丹参基地进行了施肥对丹参产量及有效成分含量的影响田间试验。结果表明,氮、磷肥对丹参生长、产量和品质有明显影响,同时建立了氮、磷肥对丹参产量肥效反应数学模式,确定丹参的氮、磷肥最佳用量。提出丹参目标产量4500~5000kg/hm2之间的氮、磷用量是氮127.5~196.7kg/hm2;P2O5用量是66.55~153.68kg/hm2。明确了氮、磷肥与丹参有效成分含量动态变化的影响。单纯施用氮肥,会造成丹参素和丹参酮的降低,氮、磷肥合理配合施用,可使丹参高产,同时提高丹参品质。     

利用抑菌率对羊骨酶解产物的制备中最佳用酶的筛选

利用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、动物蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶分别在各自最适条件下对羊骨进行酶解,以大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和藤黄球菌为供试菌种,以抑菌性为指标,对7种酶作用下所得酶解产物的抑菌性进行评定,以选出水解最佳用酶。结果表明,在各自最适条件下,胃蛋白酶酶解产物(pH值为3.0,37℃,底物质量浓度0.2kg/L,酶添加浓度2000U/g,作用时间6h)的抑菌效果最佳。     

出生至断奶仔猪胃肠道组织中FcRn的表达规律初探

【研究目的】旨在研究FcRa在仔猪胃肠道的表达分布及不同日龄间的表达变化。【方法】以大白争长白二元杂交仔猪作为研究对象,分布采集从出生至断奶后共12个日龄仔猪胃肠道组织。应用RT-PCR方法检测FcRa mRNA表达并进行表达量的相对分析。【结果】①FcRa在仔猪胃肠道各段组织中均有表达,其中在十二指肠后段和空肠前段表达量最高,在结肠和胃内表达最低。②在十二指肠争空肠段,仔猪从一出生就有较高水平的FcRa转录,吮乳后至出生后1d达到峰值,随后略有下降但前4d差异不显著（P〉0．05）;自7d起FcRamRNA转录水平明显降低（P〈0．05）,至断奶时降到最低。③在回肠段,FcRa表达水平较十二指肠和空肠段低,从出生至断奶前（21d）表达量变化不明显。断奶后有显著下降（P〈0．05）。④胃与结肠部位FcRa的表达比较稳定,一直保持在较低水平。【结论】仔猪不同组织中FcRa在十二指肠后段和空肠前段的表达水平最高,提示仔猪十二指肠、空肠是FcRa转运初乳中IgG的主要部位。仔猪肠道FcRa的表达量变化与初乳及乳汁中IgG含量的变化规律基本一致,证明了FcRa在肠道转运IgG中发挥重要作用。     

基质盐含量对2种槲栎幼苗生长及生理适应性的影响

为了比较北京槲栎和锐齿槲栎的耐盐性及其机理差异,以2种槲栎的2年生幼苗为材料,用1‰~4‰的不同浓度NaCl水溶液进行处理,研究不同盐含量条件下2种槲栎幼苗生长、生理适应性及k+、Na+离子分布。结果表明,随盐浓度的增加,2种槲栎的总叶面积及生物量显著降低,北京槲栎降低幅度达30%,而锐齿槲栎降低幅度达到50%以上,叶片质膜相对透性总体呈增大趋势,锐齿槲栎的增大幅度比北京槲栎高29%,锐齿槲栎叶片保护酶SOD、渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量都显著低于北京槲栎。盐胁迫下2种槲栎根系吸收的K+离子多向茎叶中运输,而吸收的Na+离子多滞留在根系中,北京槲栎能维持稳定的K+离子含量在15 mg/g左右。由比较得知2种槲栎在基质盐浓度低于3‰时都具有一定的耐盐性,且北京槲栎耐盐能力优于锐齿槲栎。     

外源NO对UV-B胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、活性氧组分和光合特性的影响

为了研究外源NO对UV-B胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、活性氧组分以及光合特性的影响,以ML7113小麦为受试材料,以硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)作为外源NO的供体,预先用0.1 mmol/L的SNP浸种24 h,设置4个处理组：对照组(CK)、紫外线UV-B胁迫处理组(B)、UV-B胁迫和SNP复合处理组(B+SNP)、SNP单独处理组。待幼苗生长7天后取其叶片进行可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O₂^-)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、气孔密度、光合色素及叶绿素荧光参数等指标的测定。结果表明,NO供体SNP能显著增加经UV-B胁迫后小麦幼苗的株高,并使其小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量分别提高19.69%、15.25%、41.36%,同时使其小麦叶正面气孔密度增大10.34%。SNP单独处理使得光合色素（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）的含量较CK分别提高12.43%和5.99%,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0较CK显著提高0.5%和5.16%。此外,SNP能使小麦幼苗丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的含量较CK显著降低27.30%和74.92%,超氧阴离子(O₂^-)的产生速率较CK显著降低24.47%。通过体内相关生理指标物质含量的变化来响应UV-B胁迫对小麦幼苗造成的伤害,而适宜浓度的外源NO(0.1 mmol/L)可以缓解UV-B胁迫下对小麦幼苗的伤害作用,从而增强小麦幼苗对UV-B胁迫的适应能力。     

鬼针草中主要成分指标的测定

对鬼针草的理化指标进行了测定,结果表明其粗蛋白质含量为18.9%(干基),粗脂肪含量为7.8%(干基),灰分含量为3.3%;富含17种人体必需的氨基酸,其中以谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸的含量为最多,分别约占干物质总量的2.56%,1.9%和1.29%,不含谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺和色氨酸;含有11种脂肪酸,其中以亚麻酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸的含量最多,分别为亚麻酸42%,亚油酸31%,棕榈酸16.5%。对鬼针草中类黄酮的测定表明,其总黄酮含量为86.7mg/g(干基)。     

水稻剑叶性状的遗传分析和基因定位

本研究以水稻籼粳杂交(窄叶青8号×京系17)F1经花药培养, 产生的双单倍体(DH)群体和应用该群体已构建的分子图谱为基础。 采用QTL区间作图法对5个剑叶性状进行定位分析, 结果表明, 在DH群体中, 剑叶长、 宽、 长宽比和叶面积呈连续分布, 受微效多基因控制, 并且各性状均存在一定数量的超亲遗传类型。 4个性状共检测出13