Development of a Sequential Decision-Making Model for Controlling Multiple Air Pollutants Under Stochastic Uncertainty

Most of previous programming methods for air-quality management merely considered single pollutant from point sources. However, air pollution control is characterized by multiple pollutants from various sources. Meanwhile, uncertain information in the decision-making process cannot be neglected in the real-world cases. Thus, an inexact multistage stochastic programming model with joint chance constraints based on the air quality index (air-quality management model with joint chance constraints (AQM-JCC)) is developed for controlling multiple pollutants deriving from point and mobile sources and applied to a regional air-quality management system. In the model, integrated air quality associated with the joint probability existing in terms of environmental constraints is evaluated; uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values are addressed; risks of violating the overall air-quality target under joint chance constraints are examined; and dynamics of system uncertainties and decision processes under a complete set of scenarios within a multistage context are reflected. The results indicate that useful solutions for air quality management practices in sequential stochastic decision environments have been generated, which can help decision makers to identify cost-effective control strategies for overall air quality improvement under uncertainties.     

基于RS的崇明岛土地利用变化及驱动力分析

对区域某时段内土地利用变化进行研究,并分析引起变化的驱动力因素,可以了解该区域土地资源利用的合理性,并为进一步制定符合土地资源可持续发展的经济发展规划,尤其为发展低碳产业提供科学依据。笔者运用遥感软件ENVI 4.8对崇明岛2000年、2005年、2010年3期Landsat ETM+遥感影像进行解译分类,对土地利用变化的特征和速率及驱动力因素进行分析。结果表明：崇明岛总面积不断增加,各土地利用类型的面积不断变化,表现出耕地及林地面积呈减少趋势,其中,林地降幅最大;建设用地、水体及未利用地面积呈增加趋势,其中,建设用地增幅最大;土地利用变化的速率不断提高。引起崇明岛土地利用变化的主要驱动力因素为社会经济因素,具体包括农业发展、人口增长及以工业为主的经济发展等;表现为碳源的土地利用方式面积减少,而表现为碳汇的土地利用方式面积则增加。     

石墨炉原子吸收法检测大米中镉含量影响因素的响应面优化

采用响应面法优化了石墨炉原子吸收法检测大米中重金属镉含量的影响因素。在单因素试验基础上,根据中心复合设计原理(CCD),采用五因素三水平的响应面分析法,以大米中镉含量测定结果的偏离差值为响应值,分析各因素的影响显著性与交互作用,得到最佳工艺条件为:干燥温度140℃,干燥时间35s,灰化温度250℃,原子化温度1600s,原子化时间5s。在最优条件下检测到大米中镉含量为0.192mg/kg±0.003mg/kg。     

基于1:20万数据库的河南省土壤空间分异及其影响因素研究

利用地理信息系统（MAPGIS）和EXCEL建立了河南省1：20万土壤数据库,根据土壤质量演变规律与持续利用“973”项目提出的土壤肥力质量指标体系（pH值）和全国土壤养分分级标准（有机质、全氮、速效钾）编制出土壤pH值、有机质、全氮和速效钾土壤表层属性专题分异图并分析其分布特征：利用SPSS对不同土壤类型和成土母质间的多种土壤表层属性进行了方差分析,结果显示不同土壤类型和成土母质对表层土壤属性都有影响,特别对有机质和pH值影响尤其显著。在1：20万尺度范围内。土壤类型对有机质、pH值、全氮和阳离子交换量起到主导作用,成土母质对有机质和pH值起主导作用。土壤类型对土壤各属性的影响程度要大于成土母质。     

高等植物ACC合成酶基因的克隆及其表达调控的研究进展

主要对高等植物ACC合成酶基因的克隆、结构及其表达调控等方面研究进展进行综述,旨在揭示ACC合成酶基因的分子特征,为运用基因工程技术探索控制果实成熟、软化和衰老的关键ACC合成酶基因,更进一步地通过转基因技术调控果实内乙烯的含量从而延长水果货架期提供思路。     

枣树小冠疏层形空间产量分布及果实品质比较

为了探究枣树小冠疏层形的结构特点、各冠层产量分布及果实品质状况,为枣树造形提供理论支撑,以‘鲁枣2号’枣为试材,研究枣树小冠疏层形的个体结构、生长特性、产量分布及果实品质差异。结果表明：小冠疏层形中间冠层为产量主要分布层,枣果数与枣吊数最多,但是果枝比较其他2个冠层要低,下层平均单果重最大,上层叶绿素SPAD值、叶面积、枣吊长度和果实可溶性固形物含量均比下层高。因此,在对枣树小冠疏层形进行整形修剪时,要严格控制树冠上层的营养生长,适当控制中间冠层侧枝长度,缩放下部冠层侧枝,这样有利于提高果实的品质和产量。     

The Optimization for Crop Planning and Some Advances for Water-Saving Crop Planning in the Semiarid Loess Plateau of China

The establishment of water-saving crop planning is an inevitable choice of the water-saving agriculture for the water-deficiency region in the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau of China and the world. The water-saving crop planning refers to the planting structure that centres the adjustment of the crop's adaptation to water, the optimization of temporal and spatial layout for crops, the local natural resources, marketing resources, human resources and financial input to enable region or basin with limited water resources to achieve the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of planting industry under certain technology and economy. After the analysis on the research progress of optimization theory, optimization goals, optimization methods of water-saving cultivation structure and macro-control measures, it is pointed out that the main deficiencies of the current research of water-saving cultivation pattern optimization are lacking of a strong theoretical basis, and the immaturity of optimization technologies. The future crucial research direction will focus on five aspects such as the special optimization theory system, the division methods by studying the watershed unit and using 3S technology, optimization model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, evaluation of rationality and macro-control measures on the basis of the public participation.     

农业机械适用性标准体系研究与构建

分析了我国农业机械标准存在的问题,介绍了建立农业机械适用性评价标准体系的原则。以田间作业机械适用性评价标准为重点,提出了典型田间农业机械适用性评价影响因素和评价指标。      

臭氧技术在养殖中的应用

臭氧技术在消毒防疫方面显示出独特作用。臭氧短时间内弥散到圈舍各个角落,瞬间杀灭病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫类等侵染性的病菌,有效预防呼吸道疾病的感染和传播,同时消除异味,改善环境。臭氧技术处理饮用水可净化水质,减少或杜绝畜禽胃肠道疾病发生,提高畜禽免疫力,生产绿色肉、蛋、奶食品。     

天敌昆虫—蠋蝽的研究进展

蠋蝽是农林上一种十分重要的天敌昆虫,具有地理分布广、捕食种类多、捕食能力强、适应性好等特点,开发应用前景十分广阔。为了系统总结近年来在蠋蝽研究领域取得的一系列进展,本文从蠋蝽的分类地位、地理分布和形态学、生物学特性、人工繁育技术、控害功能研究等方面进行了综述,分析了蠋蝽研究领域当前存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。