稻米食味品质形成及其响应氮素调控作用的研究进展

稻米食味品质是消费者评价稻米优劣的关键品质,决定了大米的档次与市场定位.本文阐述了直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、淀粉晶体结构、淀粉颗粒粒径分布、支链淀粉链长分布、淀粉溶解及膨胀特性、热力学特性、糊化特性及回生特性等稻米食味品质评价体系,从稻米淀粉合成相关酶(AGPase)、颗粒结合淀粉合成酶(GBSS)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SS...     

MS Excel在畜牧兽医统计中的应用(三)——直线回归和直线相关分析

回归分析（regression analysis）是研究呈因果关系的相关变量间的数量关系,建立它们之间的回归方程,并利用所建立的回归方程,由自变量（原因）来预测、控制依变量（结果）。回归分析包括一元回归分析和多元回归分析。一元回归分析是研究一个自变量与一个依变量的回归关系,即“一因一果”;多元回归分析是研究多个自变量与一个依变量的回归关系,即“多因一果”。一元回归分析又分为直线回归分析和曲线回归分析两种,多元回归分析又分为多元线性回归分析和多元非线性回归分析两种。     

MS Excel在畜牧兽医统计中的应用(五)——多元线性回归分析

直线回归研究的是一个依变量与一个自变量之间的数量关系,但在畜禽生产、兽医临床和水产科学领域的许多实际问题中,影响依变量的自变量往往不止一个,而是多个,例如种蛋的孵化率这一变量同时受到孵化温度、湿度、通风等多个因素的影响;肉鸭的瘦肉率这一变量同时受到屠体重、胸肌重、腿肌重和皮脂重等多个变量的影响,因此需要进行一个依变量与多个自变量间的回归分析,即多元回归分析(multiple regression analysis),而其中最为简单、常用的是多元线性回归(multiple linear regression),许多非线性回归和多项式回归都可以化为多元线性回归来解决.因此,掌握利用Excel进行畜牧兽医统计的多元线性回归分析显得十分重要.     

基于RapidSCAN CS-45的新疆滴灌冬小麦氮肥推荐研究

为给滴灌小麦氮营养状况实时评估和氮肥合理施用提供参考,通过2年田间定位试验,以当地主栽品种新冬22号为试验材料,设置5个施氮水平(0、120、240、360、480 kg· hm-2),利用主动式光谱仪RapidScan CS-45获取各生育时期冠层归一化植被指数(NDVI)和归一化红边植被指数(NDRE),分析其与滴...     

茭白黑粉菌对紫红曲霉部分代谢产物的影响

茭白黑粉菌(Ustilago esculentaHenn)与紫红曲霉(Monascus purpureusWent)共同培养,测定培养物中洛伐他汀、橘霉素、色价的含量。结果表明,在第8 d添加茭白黑粉菌的效果较好。当接种量为2 mL,孢子浓度3.42×108个/mL,洛伐他汀、橘霉素的含量比对照提高203%、274%,但色价却下降24%。形态观察发现,HF菌抑制红曲霉菌丝分支和子囊孢子的形成并导致菌丝的空泡增多。     

黄土丘陵区缓坡地不同土地利用方式的产流效应

探讨缓坡土地利用方式与水土流失之间的作用机制,对于黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失治理具有积极意义。利用中国科学院安塞水土保持综合试验站2009—2011年间小区定位监测数据,探讨缓坡谷子地(F)、柳枝稷地(S)、撂荒地(A)、2/3谷子-1/3柳枝稷地(FS)、2/3谷子-1/3撂荒地(FA)5种土地利用方式的产流效应,结果表明:1)缓坡谷子地(F)的径流量最大,受短历时高强度降雨影响显著;2)7月是产生径流的敏感时期;3)土地利用方式S、A、FS、FA与F相比,具有不同程度的减流效应,减流效应大小顺序为A>S>FA>FS;4)植被覆盖度的增加对减少缓坡产流量起到积极作用,但当降雨量、降雨强度较大时,植被覆盖削减径流的作用会被减弱。     

Development of a Sequential Decision-Making Model for Controlling Multiple Air Pollutants Under Stochastic Uncertainty

Most of previous programming methods for air-quality management merely considered single pollutant from point sources. However, air pollution control is characterized by multiple pollutants from various sources. Meanwhile, uncertain information in the decision-making process cannot be neglected in the real-world cases. Thus, an inexact multistage stochastic programming model with joint chance constraints based on the air quality index (air-quality management model with joint chance constraints (AQM-JCC)) is developed for controlling multiple pollutants deriving from point and mobile sources and applied to a regional air-quality management system. In the model, integrated air quality associated with the joint probability existing in terms of environmental constraints is evaluated; uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values are addressed; risks of violating the overall air-quality target under joint chance constraints are examined; and dynamics of system uncertainties and decision processes under a complete set of scenarios within a multistage context are reflected. The results indicate that useful solutions for air quality management practices in sequential stochastic decision environments have been generated, which can help decision makers to identify cost-effective control strategies for overall air quality improvement under uncertainties.     

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.     

基于滑模变结构控制的温室喷药移动机器人路径跟踪

为解决作物种植密集,地面障碍与空间障碍并存等非结构化环境因素对温室喷药移动机器人路径跟踪运动控制精度的影响,在建立移动机器人运动学模型的基础上,设计一种基于指数趋近律的滑模变结构控制方法以保证系统对不确定参数及外界干扰的鲁棒性。与此同时,为有效解决滑模控制固有的抖振问题,提出一种加权增益趋近律算法,在该趋近律的积分项中引入负的加权值,可有效避免当系统状态不在滑模切换时的切换增益的增大,使得控制器输出量平滑,并利用Lyapunov函数证明了其稳定性,并采用该文所设计的基于加权积分增益趋近律的滑模控制器对喷药移动机器人进行路径跟踪控制。试验结果表明,该算法可以顺利消除横向偏差,使实际运动轨迹平稳跟随理想作业路线,避免在作业区域产生较严重的重喷和漏喷现象,其研究成果为温室作物实施精准喷药提供了依据。