桑树赤锈病的发生与防治

调查广西宜州市桑树赤锈病发生状况,分析桑树赤锈病发生特点及规律,针对宜州市桑树赤锈病大面积发生状况,提出有效地防治措施。     

丹江口库区坡耕地不同轮作模式作物生产力及农田养分流失比较

在丹江口库区习惯施肥条件下,比较坡耕地不同轮作系统的作物生产力及农田水土和养分流失的差异。结果表明,在5种轮作模式中,作物生产力水平以＂小麦-玉米＂轮作最高,生产效益以＂油菜-玉米＂轮作最高;农田产流量、土壤侵蚀量和磷钾养分流失量均以＂小麦-玉米＂轮作最小,＂小麦-芝麻＂轮作最大;而氮流失量以＂油菜-玉米＂轮作最小,以＂小麦-芝麻＂轮作最大。因此,＂小麦-玉米＂轮作为丹江口库区坡耕地适宜的环保型作物复种模式。     

乡镇级空间发展功能区划方法探讨——以广西贵港市港南区八塘镇为例

以广西贵港市港南区八塘镇为例,采用主成分分析法、GIS技术和SPSS13．0软件对生态环境价值、经济发展基础、自然资源价值3个主因子进行综合得分测算,得到经济一生态一资源组合三维坐标,最终形成空间开发功能区划,将全镇22个行政村划分为6类。6类空间开发功能区划中,重点发展区域和适度发展区域主要分布在八塘村、新陆村、苏湾村、新蒙村、湿村、大新村、高新村,这类区域的交通区位较优越、经济发展基础较坚实、生态环境敏感性较低,宜作为城镇和产业发展的主要空间载体;控制开发区域主要分布在高北村、高岭村、苏岗村、木龙村、振新村,这类区域的经济发展基础中等,主要以农业种植业为主,生态环境敏感性中等,且临近重点开发区域,需在一定限制下进行开发;灰色弹性区域主要分布在横岭村、三板村、学山村、山泉村、新花村,这类区域的经济发展基础和生态环境敏感性均较低,但由于自然资源条件较好,交通区位较优越,具有潜在的经济发展优势,作为城镇和产业的后备发展用地;适度保护区域和重点保护区域主要分布在高浪村、岑西村、新安村、新舍村,这类区域生态环境较脆弱,经济发展基础较低,应按照“保护优先,集约开发”的原则发展。     

蝴蝶兰PhaSEP3基因的克隆及其在突变体中的表达

E类MADS-box是花器官发育分子模型中必不可少的基因,通过突变体研究其表达模式将为深入理解兰科植物花器官的分子机理与完善花发育调控理论提供依据。采用RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术从蝴蝶兰花瓣中克隆了一个E类MADS-box基因PhaSEP3(GenBank登录号为MZ436812),并采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析了该基因在蝴蝶兰不同组织和5种突变体中的表达水平。结果表明,该基因cDNA全长为1 236 bp,具有753 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),可编码250个氨基酸,其C端具有SEPⅠ和SEPⅡ基序。系统进化分析显示,该基因编码蛋白质与蝴蝶兰属的PeSEP3和AGL9亲缘关系最近。组织特异表达分析表明,PhaSEP3基因主要在生殖器官和授粉后子房中表达;在不同突变体中,PhaSEP3基因在侧萼唇瓣化突变体的萼片和唇瓣中表达水平显著升高;在退化雄蕊瓣化突变体的侧瓣、唇瓣和子房中表达水平显著降低,在蕊柱中的表达水平显著升高;在侧瓣唇瓣化突变体的侧瓣和唇瓣中表达水平显著升高;在侧瓣退化突变体的侧瓣中表达水平显著降低,而在蕊柱和子房中表达水平显著升高;在侧瓣雄化突变体中,该基因的表达水平在萼片和侧瓣中均显著升高。分析认为,PhaSEP3基因主要调控蝴蝶兰花器官各轮组织与授粉后子房的发育,在突变体花器官中,PhaSEP3类基因可能与其他花发育基因互作参与花器官形态的发育调控。该研究结果为进一步理解兰科植物花器官多样性的调控机理提供了资料。     

基于Geomatics的南京东郊野生动物景观安全格局分析-以露牙獐为例

以南京东郊中型哺乳动物露牙獐为研究对象,采用2007—2009年47个物种痕迹点和江苏基础地理信息数据库的8个环境变量为主要信息源,在空间信息技术Geomatics支持下,采用最大熵法（Maxent）生态位模型,建立潜在生境预测模型。通过ArcGIS空间分析模块,构建露牙獐景观安全格局。结果表明：在快速交通网络的囚笼效应作用下,保护对象露牙獐的潜在生境呈高度破碎化空间分布格局;在影响露牙獐潜在生境的生态环境因子中,距公路距离（41.9%）、距铁路距离（178%）、距居民点距离（14.7%）3个因子的贡献率占74.4%;在研究区域,露牙獐有3个呈大陆-岛屿复合种群关系的栖息地,4条栖息地的源间联接通道,3个位于山间谷地和鞍部的战略点。     

宁夏灌区玉米径粗与气温的关系

通过对玉米径粗及影响径粗的各生育阶段气温的相关性分析,研究宁夏灌区气温条件对玉米径粗的影响．结果表明,气温是玉米生殖生长期的关键因素．其中,在玉米生殖生长期乃至全生育期中,平均最高气温、平均日较差对玉米花穗分化及干物质的积累影响都较明显．在田间试验观测取值范围内,玉米径随气温的升高而逐渐增粗,产量也随之增加．但在拔节一抽雄期、乳熟一成熟期,玉米径却随≥10℃平均积温和平均日较差的增加而逐渐变细,产量下降。     

Effects of diatom concentration in prepared feeds on growth and energy budget of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Eight test diets were used in the experiment: seven fresh diatom (Cylindrotheca fusiformis) diets in which diatom occupied 100%, 83.3%, 50%, 33.3%, 20%, 14.3% and 11.1% in dry matter of the feeds (marked as D100, D83, D50, D33, D20, D14 and D11), and a formulated diet (70% Sargassum thunbergii powder, 20% sea mud and 10% fish meal, based on dry weight, marked as ST). The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGRs) of the animals fed diets D33, D20, D14 and D11 were not significantly different from the SGR of those fed diet ST. However, the energy allocated to growth for the animals fed with diet D14 was twice that of diet ST. For sea cucumbers fed diet D14 the largest expenditure part was allocated to respiration (55.4%), but for those fed diet ST, the largest part was allocated to faeces (62.7%). The organic content of diet D14 was also much lower than that of diet ST. Frozen diatom diets containing 14% (dry matter weight) fresh diatom could be an environmentally friendly feed as an alternative option for macroalgae powder.     

CmRT1, a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon in Castanea mollissima,is associated with a short-catkin mutation

Summary

Retrotransposons are major components of the genomes of most eukaryotic organisms and have resulted in the introduction of desirable traits in many crops, including fruit trees. Here, we describe a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon associated with a short-catkin mutant in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), resulting in catkins that are < 20% the length of normal staminate catkins. A partial sequence of the retrotransposon, named CmRT1, detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, and its complete sequence were determined from the genome of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) using improved Tail-PCR. CmRT1 was 10,067 bp in length and shared high homology in its predicted amino acid sequence and motifs with other Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. The 5’ long terminal repeat (LTR) of CmRT1 contained a TATA box and several cis-elements that were predicted to be important for processes involving abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxins and in stress-mediated responses. Further characterisation of the transposition event that led to the short-catkin phenotype was performed using two pairs of primers that aligned with the flanking region of the LTRs. The expected PCR bands were observed only in genomic DNA from plants that showed the mutation. Finally, cloning and real-time qPCR analysis of an NADP-dependent alkenal double-bond reductase (CmADBR) target gene that was adjacent to CmRT1, revealed that CmADBR expression was significantly down-regulated in the short-catkin mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the CmRT1 retrotransposon is responsible for the short-catkin phenotype.     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

冬季绿肥对江西猕猴桃园土壤养分和果实品质的影响

为探讨不同绿肥对猕猴桃园土壤养分、产量和果实品质的影响,在江西猕猴桃园间作冬季绿肥,设置自然生草(CK)、箭筈豌豆(VS)、肥田萝卜(RS)、油菜(BN)、毛叶苕子(VV)和黑麦草(LP)6个处理,盛花期前测产并翻压,连续两年测定果实成熟期各处理土壤养分,翻压次年测定猕猴桃产量和果实品质。结果表明:(1)各绿肥处理均可显著提高土壤养分和pH,随时间推移呈下降趋势,0～20 cm土层土壤以LP、VS、VV培肥效果较全面,20～40 cm土层土壤以BN、VV、VS培肥效果较好;(2)各绿肥处理可显著提高果实单果重6.65%～10.75%,降低果实可滴定酸含量5.94%～18.81%,VS、VV果实可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量最高,分别为16.67%、16.23%和181.55、176.99 mg/g,较CK分别提高了24.40%、21.12%和13.77%、10.91%,果实干物质、可溶性糖含量以VS(19.31%、17.75%)和LP(19.01%、14.90%)最高,较CK分别提高了26.62%、66.04%和24.66%、39.38%;(3)综合各绿肥处理对土壤养分、产量和果实品质等方面的因素,江西‘红阳’猕猴桃园间作并翻压以VS最佳,VV和LP次之,且二者效果相当。