秸杆栽培食用菌拮抗菌株的鉴定及混菌发酵条件的优化

从海洋泥样和食用菌发酵料中分离出了32个菌株,从中筛选出了既具有较高的纤维素酶活性又具有对青霉(Penicillium spp)、木霉(Trichoderma spp.)、根霉(Rhizopus)、曲霉(Aspergillus spp)、毛霉(Mucro)较强拮抗能力的W-4、W-10、N-14三个菌株。经鉴定W-4、W-10分别属于放线菌中黄色节杆菌(Arthrobacter flavescens)和石灰壤诺卡氏菌(Nocardia calcarea),N-14属于细菌中的乳酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus lactis)。通过正交试验对上述3个菌株混合发酵条件进行优化,确定在温度35℃、时间36h、pH7.5、装液量60ml/250ml时为最适发酵条件。在此条件下3个菌株混合发酵液纤维素酶活力仍然很高。同时混合发酵液对青霉、曲霉、毛霉、木霉、根霉的拮抗能力分别为单菌株发酵液的1.79倍、1.36倍、1.29倍、1.04倍、1.07倍。     

观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究进展

菌根真菌具有丰富遗传多样性、形态多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性和功能多样性。而观赏植物是重要的依赖菌根真菌的植物类群,对于美化环境、改善生态条件、促进经济发展等方面均具有重要价值,人们给予了众多研究,其中,观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究表明观赏植物菌根真菌具有丰富的形态、物种和功能多样性。本文系统总结了国内外观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究所取得的成果、存在的问题,并探讨了今后研究方向,旨在为进一步开展观赏植物菌根研究与应用提供依据。     

参与式扶贫与农村可持续性发展--参与式方法在乡镇工作中的实践

本文介绍了参与式扶贫思路对乡镇政府工作的影响.参与式扶贫思路在乡镇的成功实践,证明了应用该思路实施农村扶贫和推进农村经济可持续发展的有效性,及其在农村减贫致富中的推动作用.     

Progress of ELMO family on malignant tumor invasion and metastasis

It is one of the main characters of malignant tumors that malignant tumor cells invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant tissues. Multiple factors are involved in this complicated dynamic process. Metastasis is the major factor influencing recurrence and prognosis. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis for reducing recurrence rate and mortality of malignant tumors. Engulfment and cell mobility (ELMO) family is one kind of conserved protein in evolutional process. It includes 3 members, ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3. The members of ELMO family play an important role in cell phagocytosis and cell migration, and they also have close correlation with malignant tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In this paper, we review the progress of the relationship between ELMO family and malignant tumor invasion and metastasis.     

Cellular and ultrastructural changes in the seedling roots of upland rice (Oryza sativa) under the stress of two allelochemicals from Ageratina adenophora

Two sesquiterpene‐derivative compounds, 4,7‐dimethyl‐1‐(propan?2‐ylidene)–1,4,4a,8a‐tetrahydronaphthalene‐2,6(1H, 7H)‐dione (DTD) and 6‐hydroxy‐5‐isopropyl‐3,8‐dimethyl?4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐hexahydronaphthalen‐2(1H)–one (HHO), are the major putative allelochemicals of the aqueous leachates of Ageratina adenophora. A laboratory experiment was conducted, using the hydroponic method, to evaluate the cellular and ultrastructural changes in the seedling roots of upland rice under the stress of DTD and HHO. The subsequent changes were observed in the treated upland rice roots in comparison with their controls. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the DTD‐treated root tip cells turned into an irregular arrangement and shape and that most of them were wizened, with a poor cytoplasm. In the HHO treatment, the root tips had many irregularly shaped cells, with a greater number of sloughing cells, as well as short, wide cells that resulted in spherical and wider, but shorter, roots. At the ultrastructural level, DTD and HHO induced irregularly shaped and lobed nuclei, increased cytoplasmic vacuolation, reduced ribosome density and dictyosomes, and a reduced number of mitochondria in the cells, which indicated limited protein transportation and a reduced capability to export substances for cell development and growth in the upland rice seedling roots. The overall effect of HHO on the upland rice seedlings was more pronounced than that of DTD.     

中华红叶杨的扦插繁殖技术

中华红叶杨叶片颜色春、夏、秋三季四色,既可以作为彩叶树种又可以作为用材树种,不仅集绿化、彩化、净化多种功能于一体,而且作为速生树种,经济效益显著。中华红叶杨的扦插繁殖技术要点：选地整地、剪取插穗、适时扦插,田间管理措施遵循及时浇水、中耕,松土锄草、摘芽修枝的原则。     

丛枝菌根真菌对番茄植株内源激素含量的影响

于温室盆栽条件下对番茄(Lycospersicon esukurentamu)幼苗接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomusmosseae)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)、根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)、幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)或珠状巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora margarita)10d后定期采样,应用间接酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)测定各处理番茄植株根和叶片内源激素吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和脱落酸(ABA)含量。接种20d G.mosseae处理的番茄根系菌根侵染率高达68.5%,显著高于其他接种处理;供试AM真菌显著增加了番茄植株鲜重、株高、地上部和地下部干重、其根或叶内IAA、GA、ZR和ABA含量均显著高于不接种对照,以G.mosseae处理的根或叶中IAA、GA、ZR和ABA含量最高。     

MAPK信号通路在动物繁殖中的研究进展

在细胞中存在着各种信号转导通路,不同的信号转导通路相互交叉,形成复杂的信号转导网络系统,参与生物体内的各种生理生化功能,其中部分信号转导通路对动物的生殖生理有着重要作用。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPKs)是细胞内重要的信号通路之一,其参与了多种生理过程的调节,对动物的繁殖有重要作用。文章将主要对MAPK信号通路在动物繁殖中的作用进行综述。     

山西省“一村一品”发展模式的初步探讨

2011年山西省委省政府以＂中央一号文件＂精神为指导,积极探索,提出把＂一村一品＂、＂一县一业＂作为发展现代农业的重要切入点,为山西农业的发展指明了方向,全省上下迅速掀起发展＂一村一品＂、＂一县一业＂的思潮。通过实例,探讨了山西＂一村一品＂的发展理念及基本原则,提出了5个适应山西省的发展模式：龙头企业拉动发展模式,服务组织带动型发展模式,专业市场依托型发展模式,政产学研支撑型发展模式和旅游文化主导型发展模式。