银合欢木屑栽培香菇的配套技术

分析了银合欢木屑的营养成分,研制了最适宜的培养基,选用了高产优质的香菇菌株和高效益的栽培方式。发现银合欢木屑作为氮素添加物可替代50％麸皮,降低原料成本,使感染率降低11.8％,鲜菇产量增加5.1％;高产香菇菌株785比其他4个菌株至少可增产鲜菇14.8％;短袋栽培比菌筒或菌砖栽培增产,而且可以减少高温制种感染率高的危害;与红栲木屑栽培香菇相比,银合欢木屑增产鲜菇53.6％,生物学效率提高26.7％。该技术措施适合于在高温低海拔地区应用,在闽南地区增产鲜菇55.6％,生物效率提高25.8％。     

一种药用菌——虎乳灵芝学名的鉴定

虎乳灵芝是一种民间的药用真菌,香港的中医用其菌核来治疗肝癌、慢性肝炎、胃病,但还不知道其正确的学名。分类研究表叫,虎乳灵芝开不是灵芝,而是一种多孔菌,学名是Polyporus rhinocerus Cooke[=Lignosus rhinocerus(Cooke)]Ryv.,隶属于真菌门,担子菌亚门,层菌纲,非褶菌目,多孔菌属或孤苓属。     

十个侧耳菌株的模糊综合评价初报

应用模糊数学中隶属度和模糊概率概念,对10个侧耳菌株进行了模糊综合评价。结果表明,SN1是表现最好的菌株,与实际试验结果较为一致。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi and glomalin-related soil protein drive the distributions of carbon and nitrogen in a large scale

Purpose

Arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi (AM-like fungi) are crucial for ecosystem functioning and soil organic matter (SOM) is an indicator of soil quality. However, the spatial distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) and SOM in a large scale is still unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial distribution of SOM, arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi and GRSP, and reveal the potential relationship among them in a large scale across China.

Materials and methods

Soil samples (different in vegetation type, climate, and soil variables) were collected from 26 sites in a large scale across China. The soil properties including pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and SOM were determined. Quantitative PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene was conducted to evaluate the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi. The contents of easily extractable GRSP (EE-GRSP), difficultly extractable GRSP (DE-GRSP), and total GRSP (T-GRSP) were measured.

Results and discussion

Arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi abundance was significantly affected by the vegetation type and dramatically correlated with the soil TN and mean annual precipitation (MAP). EE-GRSP and DE-GRSP were more associated with the TC and TN content, respectively. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi significantly but weakly correlated with the T-GRSP and EE-GRSP. The SOM content positively correlated with the DE-GRSP and T-GRSP. Those results suggested that the arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi are a larger contributor to regulating the content of GRSP, which is an important indicator of the soil organic carbon pool.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungi abundance has a greater contribution to driving the distribution of soil C and N in a large scale by affecting the content of glomalin-related soil protein.

     

A chronosequence study of purple paddy soils with respect to improving ammonium and potassium fertilization management

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Purple paddy soils cover about 66% of the paddy soils in Sichuan Basin. Complex interactions made the effects of potassium fertilizer application on NH4+ adsorption...     

Variation in soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity within a quasi-circular vegetation patch and bare soil area

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity are two of many key factors for vegetation establishment and the other way around. Variations in them may cause patchy...     

农业工程科技创新推进农业绿色发展

农业绿色发展是农业发展观的一场深刻革命。该文全面论述了农业工程科技创新对农业绿色发展的重要作用,深入分析了中国在农业资源利用、产地环境治理、生态系统保育和农产品绿色供给等方面取得的成效和存在的问题。提出了围绕农业绿色发展,农业资源监测、水土资源利用、农业投入品使用、农业机械化和农业废弃物资源利用等农业工程科技创新的前沿进展和主攻方向。从强化农业绿色发展理念、建立技术创新与推广体系、完善标准体系和加强政策支持4个方面提出了政策建议。该文可为农业绿色发展背景下农业工程科技研发提供重要的指导和参考。     

生物炭对向日葵秸秆热解特性及气体产物影响

为了研究生物炭对向日葵秸秆热解的影响,以向日葵秸秆为原料,基于TG-FTIR研究生物炭添加前后向日葵秸秆热解特性与气体产物的变化。结果表明,与向日葵秸秆相比,混合样品主热解区间由276~349℃变得更长,并且发生不同程度的偏移,热解活化能不同程度降低,由60.21降到38.07~50.35 kJ/mol,呋喃类、酸类、含羰基类化合物、芳香醛类、CO、CH4等产物吸光度值存在差异。随着添加500℃制备生物炭比例增加,混合样品热解的活化能减小,释放气体产物中芳香醛类释放量增量减少,CO与CH4释放量降低。添加不同制备温度的生物炭,混合样品热解产生呋喃类、酸类、含羰基类化合物释放量均有所降低;添加500和700℃制备的生物炭,混合样品热解气体产物中芳香醛类增加。添加900℃制备的生物炭,向日葵秸秆热解气体产物中CO产量增加。该研究为向日葵秸秆的有效利用提供理论基础和技术支撑。     

糠醛渣改良土壤增强苕子对盐碱土的适应性

科学合理的盐碱土改良措施对植物在盐碱土上适应性栽培具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。该研究旨在通过施用糠醛渣探讨盐碱土土壤特性及植物生长适应性栽培研究,为糠醛渣在盐碱土的合理使用提供科学依据。试验按土壤质量为基数确定糠醛渣的用量,试验由添加量0、5%、10%糠醛渣的盐碱土3个处理组成,温室条件下进行盆栽试验。结果表明,施用糠醛渣不仅降低盐碱土pH和含盐量,而且显著提升了土壤微生物多样性Sobs和Shannon指数,降低了simpson指数降低。主要表现在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)成为优势菌门。施用糠醛渣增加了苕子叶片中叶绿素、可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量。显著增强了过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。施用糠醛渣明显促进苕子生长发育,增加了苕子苗期生物量,5%糠醛渣用量处理改良盐碱土效果较优。研究表明糠醛渣通过改善盐碱土的其理化特性及生物多样性分布,促进苕子的生长发育,研究为糠醛渣在盐碱地土壤改良及植物适应性栽培的合理应用提供了科学依据与参考。     

长期绿肥与氮肥减量配施对水稻产量和土壤养分含量的影响

为探明湘南双季稻区绿肥还田下的氮肥适宜施用量,设计了始于2008年冬季开展的长期田间定位试验(2009-2017),研究绿肥与氮肥减量配施对双季稻的产量、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力以及2017年稻田耕层土壤养分含量的影响。共设计6个施肥处理:不施氮肥空白对照、仅紫云英、习惯施肥、紫云英与100%无机氮配施、紫云英与80%无机氮配施、紫云英与60%无机氮配施。结果表明:与习惯施氮量相比,绿肥结合习惯施肥以及绿肥与化肥氮减量20%~40%配施均能保持甚至提高2009-2017年稻谷周年产量,显著提高早、晚稻氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率。绿肥与化肥氮减40%时,产量变异系数最低和产量可持续指数最高。试验9 a后,与2008年相比,稻田土壤有机质和全氮含量呈上升趋势。与习惯施肥相比,绿肥与化肥氮减量20%~40%能维持土壤磷素与钾素的供给。综合考虑,紫云英还田下,化肥氮减施40%仍能获得高产稳产,且氮肥利用率最高,产量稳定性最好,并可缓慢提高土壤肥力,是湘南双季稻种植区较好的施肥模式。