Dietary folic acid requirement determined for grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary folic acid requirement of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Purified basal diets were formulated using vitamin-free casein as the protein source. Graded levels (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 mg folic acid/kg diet) of folic acid were added to the basal diet, resulting in eight dietary treatments in the experiment. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of shrimp initially averaging 0.79±0.01 g for 8 weeks. Shrimp fed diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg diet had greater (P<0.05) weight gain and hepatopancreatic folic acid concentrations than shrimp fed the unsupplemented control diet. Feed efficiency (FE) was highest in shrimp fed the diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg diet, followed by the groups fed 1 mg/kg, then the control group. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was highest in shrimp fed the control diet, followed by 1 mg folic acid/kg and lowest in shrimp fed diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg. Weight gain percentage, hepatopancreatic folic acid concentration and hepatosomatic index of the shrimp analyzed by broken-line regression indicated that the adequate dietary folic acid concentration in growing P. monodon is 1.9–2.1 mg/kg diet.     

水库网箱养殖倒刺鲃技术

倒刺鲃,俗称军鱼,隶属于鲤科,鲃亚科,四须鲃属。作为一个新的养殖对象,倒刺鲃明显具有生长快,食性杂,经济价值高等优点,开发潜力大,其人工养殖在浙江、福建一带已悄然兴起,且发展势头迅猛。2002年,我们在水库进行网箱养殖倒刺鲃试验,取得了较好的经济效益,现将有关技术介绍如下:一、网箱的制作及设置网箱用3×3聚乙烯线加工的网衣缝制成双层(内网网目大2.0cm,外网网目大3.0cm)封闭式网箱,网箱规格为2.0m×2.0m×2.0m,置入水深1.7m,其有效水体为6.8m3。网箱架用毛竹制成,箱底放置直径为12mm的钢筋做成边长为1.9m的钢筋架,作为沉子,或在网箱下…     

循环水养殖罗非鱼氮收支及对水质影响的初步研究

为提供实际生产理论依据,改良系统水处理工艺,开展循环水养殖系统中吉富罗非鱼氮收支和对水质情况的初步研究。起始养殖密度8 kg/m3,投饲率2%,系统循环量1 m3/h,总水量0.8 m3。试验期间溶解氧大于6 mg/L,pH 7.0～7.2,水温23～25℃。每周监测水质2～3次,监测指标包括氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮,每2周检测1次水中总氮。用凯氏定氮法测定实验前后饲料、试验鱼体、粪便、悬浮颗粒的氮含量。结果显示,摄食氮有50.00±1.50%转化为生长氮,32.61±1.38%转化为排泄氮,17.39±4.0%转化为粪氮;58%的粪氮为悬浮颗粒物,42%为可沉淀颗粒物。     

江黄颡鱼人工繁育的初步研究

对江黄颡鱼人工繁殖和育苗进行了试验。以PG(鲤鱼脑垂体激素)、HCG(绒毛膜促性腺激素)等催产药物进行混合催产,水温24～26℃,效应时间为20～24h,产卵率为90%以上。采用等渗液稀释磨碎的精巢进行人工授精,用塑料网片着卵板粘卵,在孵化池内孵化,平均孵化率为87%。研究结果表明:江黄颡鱼在广西的适宜催产季节为4月中旬至6月底,工厂化育苗的饵料可用丰年虫和适口虾料来解决。     

中国深远海养殖发展方式研究

在渔业转型发展进程中,发展深远海养殖是突破生态环境和自然资源约束性挑战,实现新时期中国海水养殖业可持续发展的战略方向。基于联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)关于深远海养殖发展的定义,结合中国海水养殖业发展水平和海域条件,对中国深远海养殖概念进行了界定。提出养殖品种选择、养殖系统构建、养殖海域规划是关系深远海养殖产业稳步有序发展的重要因素。在养殖品种选择方面,应重点考虑经济潜力、适应水温和养殖技术;在养殖系统构建上,分析比较了不同养殖系统应用于深远海养殖的适宜性、安全性和经济性;在养殖海域规划方面,应重点考虑养殖排放、环境承载力和海域条件。     

循环水养殖条件下鞍带石斑鱼生长特点研究

通过对鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)为期5个月的养殖监测试验,研究循环水养殖条件下鞍带石斑鱼的生长特点。采用线性拟合、指数拟合、乘幂拟合的方法,分析了鞍带石斑鱼全长、体重生长与养殖时间,以及全长与体重的最佳拟合曲线。结果表明:鞍带石斑鱼全长生长与养殖时间以线性回归为佳(y=2.791x-15.716,R2=0.951 2);体重生长与养殖时间以指数回归最佳(y=2.432 3e0.32x,R2=0.996 5);全长与体重以乘幂回归为最佳(y=0.007 3x3.262 8,R2=0.945 3)。对鞍带石斑鱼全长与体重的幂函数关系分析,表明鞍带石斑鱼属正异速生长型(b=3.262 8),说明本研究条件下的循环水养殖模式适用于鞍带石斑鱼的养殖。     

倒刺鲃的胚胎发育及水温对胚胎发育的影响

对倒刺鲃的胚胎发育进行连续跟踪观察,并探讨了水温对其胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:水温(25±0.5)℃时,孵化时间为53.43 h;胚胎发育过程中出现克氏囊。水温21～33℃条件下,倒刺鲃的胚胎均能孵化,水温(x)与孵化时间(y)成极显著的负相关关系:y=235.72 e-0.056 6x,P<0.01;水温与积温的关系为:y=7 519.4x-0.519 2,P<0.01。孵化率(y)与水温(x)相关关系式为:y=-1.665 5x2+88.621x-1 091.5,由曲线方程可以推算出胚胎发育的适宜水温范围为23.4～29.8℃,通过曲线求导数推算极值的方法,求得胚胎发育的最适水温为26.6℃。     

Dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids affect the biological and serum biochemical parameters,tissue fatty acid profile,antioxidation status and expression of lipid‐metabolism‐related genes in grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus

A 95‐day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 HUFA) on the growth, antioxidation and lipid metabolism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with either lard oil (LO) or fish oil (FO) as the main lipid source. The results showed that the intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in FO group. The concentration of n‐3 HUFA in muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF was significantly higher in FO group (P < 0.05). The serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) content was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and glucose (GLU) content was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FO group. The serum total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FO group, consistent with the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The gene expression of IPF fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP‐1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and that of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FO group compared with LO group. Similar trends were found in the hepatopancreas, except for PPARγ. It is suggested that n‐3 HUFA could inhibit lipid accumulation in grass carp by affecting the expression of lipid‐metabolism‐related genes.     

应用双抗夹心ELISA法检测皱纹盘鲍致病病原—创伤弧菌的研究

以皱纹盘鲍脓足病致病病原－ － 创伤弧菌为抗原,制备兔抗血清,抗体纯化后以辣根过氧化物酶标记,建立检测创伤弧菌的双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ 检测法。结果表明,双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ 法有较高的灵敏度,可检出含菌１０４ 个／ｍｌ 的菌悬液。与创伤弧菌对照菌株有明显的阳性反应不与副溶血弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌、河流弧菌等８ 株对照菌株产生影响检测结果的交叉反应。应用该法检测３０ 份病鲍样品,阳性检出率为６６ ．７ ％ 。     

运动强度对罗氏沼虾运动行为和能量代谢的影响

为查明运动过程中罗氏沼虾的行为特征及其与肌肉能量代谢的关系,实验设置了对照、低、中、高4种不同强度的游泳和弹跳实验,研究了运动后罗氏沼虾的行为、能量来源和相关代谢酶活性。游泳强度通过在特定时间内设置不同的水流速度来确定,对照、低、中、高强度的水流速度分别为0 (自由运动)、5 (200 min)、10 (200 min)和15 cm/s (游泳至疲劳)。弹跳强度通过在特定时间内设置不同触碰频率来确定,对照、低、中、高强度的触碰频率分别为0 (自由运动)、0.033 (5 min)、0.050 (5 min)和0.067 Hz (弹跳至疲劳)。结果显示,罗氏沼虾各运动组游泳足和尾肢的最大摆动频率和最大摆动幅度均显著高于对照组。各运动强度组肌肉蛋白质含量与对照组之间无显著差异,肌肉糖原含量均显著小于对照组,低强度游泳组肌肉甘油三酯含量小于对照组。中、高强度游泳组游泳足肌肉乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和乳酸含量显著高于对照组,低强度游泳组游泳足肌肉丙酮酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组。无论弹跳强度高低,罗氏沼虾腹部肌肉LDH酶活性和乳酸含量均显著高于对照组。研究表明,罗氏沼虾通过...