Hypolipidemic effect of soluble fiber isolated from seeds of Cassia tora Linn. in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

Soluble fibers isolated from the seeds of Cassia tora Linn. (SFC) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their phenomenal rheological behavior. In this study were investigated the effects of SFC on lipid metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three experimental diets, a normal diet, a high-cholesterol diet, or a high-cholesterol diet with 5% SFC, for 5 weeks. The serum concentration of total cholesterol in rats fed SFC was 27% lower (p < 0.05) compared to that of the control group, but the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was increased in the SFC group. Liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in rats fed the SFC diet. In addition, fecal bile acid and lipid excretion was significantly increased by SFC consumption. These results indicate that SFC enhances fecal lipid excretion and may cause a reduction in serum and hepatic lipid concentrations in rats.     

Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients in diets formulated for the sub-adult mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, in Vietnam

The present study was conducted to explore the potential to incorporate local plant-based feed ingredients into diets formulated for the mud crab species, Scylla paramamosain , commonly exploited for aquaculture in South-east Asia. Four test ingredients (defatted soybean meal, rice bran, cassava meal and corn flour) were incorporated at 30% or 45% inclusion levels in a fishmeal-based reference diet and used in digestibility trials where apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for experimental diets and test ingredients were determined. Generally, high ADC values were obtained using diets containing 30% soybean meal or rice bran. By contrast, the lowest ADC values were obtained for the diet containing 45% cassava meal [70.9% for dry matter (ADMD); 77.1% for crude protein (ACPD) and 80.2% for gross energy (AGED)]. Similar trends were observed when ADC ingredient (I) digestibilities were compared. Specifically, the highest ADCI values were obtained for soybean meal when used at a 30% inclusion level (87.6% ADMDI; 98.4% ACPDI and 95.6% AGEDI) while the lowest ADCI values were obtained using cassava meal at a 45% inclusion level (53.8% ADMDI; 60.2% ACPDI and 67.3% AGEDI). Based on the current findings, we propose that soybean meal and rice bran could be considered for incorporation into formulated diets for S. paramamosain .     

黑河上游冰沟流域4种土壤有机碳分布特征与土壤特性的关系

为了探讨黑河上游冰沟流域不同土壤有机碳分布特征与土壤特性的关系,为黑河上游冰沟流域水源涵养研究提供科学依据,采用野外采样,室内分析方法,研究了4种土壤有机碳分布特征及其与土壤特性的关系。结果表明：4种土壤有机碳含量和密度在整个土壤剖面上均表现为：森林灰褐土＞高山灌丛草甸土＞高山草甸土＞山地栗钙土,且垂直分布均随土壤深度增加而减少,说明黑河上游冰沟流域的森林灰褐土比其它土壤更有利于土壤有机碳储存和积累。森林灰褐土0～10 cm土壤有机碳密度为4．54 kg·m-2,略高于我国森林土壤0～10 cm土壤平均碳密度（4．24 kg ·m-2）,说明黑河上游冰沟流域的森林灰褐土区雨量充沛,林下植被丰富,凋落物现存量充足。4种土壤0～10 cm土层有机碳含量是整个土壤剖面土壤有机碳含量的30．69％～37．99％,有机碳密度是整个土壤剖面有机碳密度的29．31％～36．77％,说明黑河上游冰沟流域土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度在表层具有很强的表聚性,不合理的人为活动引发的水土流失极易造成土壤有机碳储量的减少,应增加黑河上游冰沟流域植被覆盖度,保护生态环境,减少水土流失。4种土壤有机碳、全氮、CEC、田间持水量、团聚体在整个土壤剖面上均随土层深度增加而降低,而土壤容重、pH值在整个土壤剖面上均随土层深度增加而增大。经回归统计分析,4种土壤有机碳含量与土壤田间持水量、团聚体、全氮、CEC之间呈显著的正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH之间呈显著的负相关关系。这种变化规律与多数学者研究结果基本一致。     

基于无人机多光谱影像的荒漠草原典型物种识别

【目的】准确获取草原植物物种空间分布信息是草原生态系统生物多样性监测、群落重构与生态功能维持的重要基础。及时准确获取植物物种空间分布可以为草原植物物种信息提取提供有效技术手段。【方法】文章以无人机多光谱影像为基础,分别在像元尺度和对象尺度上开展了荒漠草原典型物种的信息提取方法研究。像元尺度上先定义样本计算样本可分离性,在选择不同分类器进行分类。而对象尺度上首先进行遥感影像尺度分割研究,选出最佳分割尺度。在此基础上,提取最优特征变量,并采用阈值分类法提取植被信息。【结果】高分辨率无人机多光谱数据能够为荒漠草原物种信息提取提供有效数据基础。面向对象影像分析技术的表现最好,总体精度85.16%,Kappa系数0.71,其中短花针茅的制图精度和用户精度分别为97.6%和86%;其次是支持向量机机器学习算法,其总体精度80.40%,Kappa系数0.70,短花针茅的制图精度和用户精度分别为90.08%和76.46%;而传统最大似然分类法的识别精度较低,总体精度为74.68%,Kappa系数0.64,短花针茅的制图精度和用户精度分别为72.40和81.96。【结论】无人机多光谱数据对于集中连片分布...