感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查

 本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。     

Comparison of Digestive Enzyme Activities in Normal and Growth Retarded Japanese Eels (Anguilla japonics)

本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4～140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5～8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性.结果表明:正常鳗和僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠蛋白酶活性均在45℃时达到最高值,且蛋白酶活性(除5、15、55℃时的僵鳗蛋白酶活性外)均表现为肠＞胃＞肝胰脏;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃蛋白酶活性分别为正常鳗的29.5％、15.7％和25.2％(P＜0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗淀粉酶活性均在30℃时达到最高值,正常鳗淀粉酶活性(除5℃时的淀粉酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏＞肠＞胃,僵鳗淀粉酶活性表现为肠＞肝胰脏＞胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃淀粉酶活性分别为正常鳗的42.4％、73.7％和43.8％ (P ＜0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗脂肪酶活性均在35℃时达到最高值,正常鳗脂肪酶活性表现为肝胰脏＞胃＞肠,僵鳗脂肪酶活性(除35℃时的脂肪酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏＞肠＞胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃脂肪酶活性分别为正常鳗的41.5％、45.6％和23.2％ (P ＜0.05).由此可见,日本鳗鲡僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性均显著低于正常鳗,从而直接影响其生长发育.     

重组鸡β-防御素6基因的表达和生物学特性的研究

目的为开发中药防治畜禽沙门氏菌病,根据沙门氏菌病中兽医辩证进行中药组方,为今后畜禽养殖减抗限抗的替代疗法提供参考。方法采用倍比稀释法检测复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),扫描电镜观察菌体形态变化。试验选取150羽1日龄雏鸡,随机取出30羽做空白组,其余120羽人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌,制备雏鸡感染模型。将感染雏鸡随机分为模型组、中药治疗组、西药治疗组和中药预防组,每组30羽。观察雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。于治疗后1、3和5 d检测血清中IL-1β和TNF-α的含量;实时荧光PCR检测禽β-防御素6 (avian beta-defensin 6,AvBD6) 和鸡Toll样受体15 (chicken toll-like receptor 15,ChTLR15) 在雏鸡小肠中的转录水平。结果体外试验结果显示：MIC和MBC分别为62.5和125 mg/mL;扫描电镜下可见菌体出现溢缩,断裂形成许多残体,形状不规则。中药预防组可降低雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。与模型组相比,中药预防组和中药治疗组均可降低IL-1β和TNF-α含量。而ChTLR15和AvBD6在感染初期表达量高,治疗后期趋于正常。结论复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌有明显的抑制作用,其杀菌机制是通过改变菌体的形态结构使细菌丧失活性。试验证实复方板蓝根口服液可有效预防雏鸡沙门氏菌感染,并能有效降低体内炎性因子水平,减轻炎症反应。     

我国家庭农场的生成机制、发展现状与现实约束

基于相关历史与现实背景,从经济性激励与社会环境改善两大视角研究家庭农场的生成机制,对家庭农场经营规模、发展速度、经营收益、经营方式、宜机化程度等现状进行探讨,得出经营者文化程度低、融资难、品牌与合作意识不强、现代信息技术应用不足等结论,并从人才培养、政策扶持、规范管理、配套服务等方面为家庭农场未来发展提供建议,以期助力乡村振兴。     

Association of tumor budding with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in breast cancer patients

AIM: To investigate the relationship of tumor budding with clinicopathologic parameters, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of tumor microenvironment and the prognosis in breast cancer patients.METHODS: A total of 178 HE section samples were collected from the breast cancer patients treated with surgery in the First Affilated Hospital of Jinan University during Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2016. The tumor budding and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were observed under light microscope. The correlation of tumor budding with the clinicopathologic status and TILs were analyzed by χ² test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test were used to estimate the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTS: High tumor budding level was associated with more positive lymph nodes, higher grade, and more lymphovascular invasion. In addition, the patients with higher tumor budding level showed fewer TILs, while the patients with lower tumor budding level had more TILs. Furthermore, the patients with higher tumor budding level had a worse disease-free survival and overall survival than those with lower tumor budding level.CONCLUSION: Tumor budding is significantly associated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and negatively correlated with TILs. Therefore, tumor budding may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of breast cancer.     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

兰花根外敷治疗韧带扭伤308例

目的对湖北京山县大洪山的野生蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi Rolfe)植物群落进行调查,以期为蕙兰的保护提供科学支撑。方法通过样方法调查测量样地中蕙兰的地理坐标、海拔、坡向、坡度、郁闭度、盖度、土壤类型和群落物种组成。结果蕙兰群落物种丰富,44种维管束植物分属31科39属,其中高位芽植物种类最多,地下芽植物次之,层间有丰富的藤本和附生植物。乔木层多见柏科、壳斗科、棕榈科和松科,灌木层蔷薇科、樟科和紫金牛科较为多见;蕙兰为群落下层优势种,区系特征涉及热带、亚热带、温带分布型,有北亚热带向南暖温带过渡的明显趋势。结论蕙兰适合生长在水热充足、林间有散射光、郁闭度适宜、通风条件好、有较厚落叶层的酸性土壤中。     

Can sieving size affect the determination of soil available micronutrients?

<正>Dear Editor,Globally, approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies(Tulchinsky, 2010; Myers et al.,2014).Soil micronutrient availability is of great importance for the evaluation of soil fertility and the determination of appropriate measures for improving crop quality and human health.The diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic(DTPA)     

急性感染猪瘟病毒猪体外排毒规律的观察

为研究CSFV感染后在体外的传播途径、排毒规律,针对CSFV基因组设计了一对引物和一条探针,建立了一套CSFV荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测方法,并以质粒为标准品得到扩增标准曲线.对18个CSFV阳性质控样本检测全阳性,6个CSFV阴性质控样本检测全阴性,显示良好敏感性和特异性.应用此方法对石门株感染的16头60日龄长白猪和1头阴性对照猪的粪便、尿液、眼分泌物和唾液中病毒含量进行了动态测定,结果表明从感染后第1天到频死前第8天,粪便中均能检测出病毒;尿液和眼分泌物至少能从第3天,唾液从第4天开始检测出病毒,且病毒含量呈增加趋势.本研究对急性感染猪瘟病毒猪体外排毒规律进行了系统研究,为弄清CSFV感染病程、致病机理及临床诊断奠定了重要理论基础.     

中国南方水乡乡村聚落空间结构研究综述

为了解水乡乡村聚落空间研究进展,运用文献统计分析和内容分析法,总结1915—2021年中国南方水乡乡村聚落空间结构特征、演变过程及影响因素的研究进展.结果表明:区域层面主要基于地理学、景观生态学和城乡规划学进行定量研究,村域层面主要基于建筑学、城乡规划学和风景园林学进行定性研究;不同时期的研究存在内容差异和方法差异,不...