Quantitative analysis of anticancer 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in infected sorghum seedlings

3-Deoxyanthocyanidins are structurally related to the anthocyanin pigments, which are popular as health-promoting phytochemicals. Here, it is demonstrated that the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins are more cytotoxic on human cancer cells than the 3-hydroxylated anthocyanidin analogues. At 200 microM concentration, luteolinidin reduced the viability of HL-60 and HepG2 cells by 90 and 50%, respectively. Sorghum is a major source of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, which are present as seed pigments and as phytoalexins responding to pathogen attack. On the basis of the collision-induced dissociation spectra of luteolinidin and apigeninidin, an LC-MS/MS method, operating in multiple-reaction monitoring mode, was developed for the specific detection and accurate quantification of these compounds in complex mixtures, which may be difficult to analyze using absorbance measurements. The results demonstrated that inoculated sorghum seedlings could be utilized for convenient and large-scale production of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins. A quantity of almost 270 microg/g (fresh weight) of luteolinidin was produced 72 h after fungal inoculation of 1-week-old seedlings.     

气候变化对作物生产潜力的影响研究进展

作物生产潜力的研究对提高作物产量、评价地区粮食的生产能力和人口承载能力,以及为合理进行农业生产规划提供依据。气候变化（包括温度、降水、日照时数等）和极端天气（如干旱、洪涝和暴风雨等）已经对农业产生了深刻的影响。综述了目前国内外气候变化对作物生产潜力的影响的研究方法,以及气候变化对中国小麦、水稻、玉米等主要粮食作物的生产潜力的影响,分析了目前研究中存在的问题与展望,以期为提高中国主要粮食作物的生产潜力和适应气候变化提供理论依据。     

嗜水气单胞菌胞外蛋白酶对鲫鱼的致病性

以提纯的嗜水气单胞菌胞外蛋白酶注射异育银鲫,鲫鱼出现典型的嗜水气单胞菌引起的败血症症状;病鱼体表充血、出血,鳃苍白,腹部膨大,肛门红肿突出,腹腔内有红色的腹水,肠壁充血发炎;背部肌肉注射部位发生液化、糜烂,鳞片竖起。病鱼各组织器官都有病变,其中尤以肝、肾最为严重：肝脏肿大,质地脆弱,肝细胞水肿,胞浆结构疏松;肾小体坏死以至解体,肾小管上皮细胞也发生病变。体外试验表明,正常鲫鱼血精中有某种成分能够抑     

溶解氧浓度对水稻分蘖期根系生长及氮素利用特性的影响

【目的】探究特定溶解氧浓度对水稻分蘖期根系生长及全生育期氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为水稻氧营养研究及高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2016年在中国水稻研究所网室进行。供试水稻品种为中浙优1号（水稻）、IR45765-3B（深水稻）和中旱221（旱稻）,用国际水稻所营养液配方进行培养。试验设置5个溶解氧浓度处理,分别为全生育期溶解氧浓度1 mg·L ^-1（T₁）、3 mg·L ^-1（T₂）、5.5 mg·L ^-1（T₃）和7.5 mg·L ^-1（T₄）,以自然生长处理作对照（CK）,溶解氧浓度由在线测试控制系统自动控制（昆腾Q45D,美国）,并实时用便携式溶氧仪进行校对（YSI 550A,美国）。【结果】（1）水稻分蘖期,随溶解氧浓度上升,全浓度营养液中总氮含量下降速率减小,铵盐含量下降速率增加;硝酸盐含量在T₁处理下最低,T₄处理下最高;亚硝酸盐在全浓度营养液中含量极低且不稳定。（2）与CK相比,3个水稻品种在T₂处理下根系活力均有所提高,T₄处理根系活力显著低于CK。最大根长随溶解氧浓度上升而提高,T_I和T₄处理降低水稻根系总根长、总表面积、根体积和根干重;T₂处理下,中浙优1号和IR45765-3B的根系形态指标和干重均高于CK。（3）3个水稻品种拔节期植株含氮率随溶解氧浓度提高逐渐下降,齐穗期和完熟期随溶解氧浓度提高逐渐上升。相较于CK,T₂处理提高了3个水稻品种全生育期氮素积累量;T₃和T₄处理降低了水稻氮素吸收,但提高了齐穗期至完熟期生长阶段的氮积累量吸收比例。在完熟期,3个水稻品种氮素积累量,T₂处理较CK增加2.3%—7.3%,T₁、T₃和T₄处理较CK分别下降0.7%—3.6%、3.6%—8.5%和15.0%—27.1%。（4）3个水稻品种不同处理间干物质量和产量表现一致,均为T₂>CK>T₁>T₃>T₄。3个水稻品种氮素干物质生产效率均以T₁处理表现最高;与CK相比,T₂处理提高了3个水稻品种的收获指数和氮收获指数,T₁、T₃和T₄均低于CK;T₁处理下,中浙优1号和IR45765-3B氮素籽粒生产效率均显著低于CK,中旱221无显著差异。【结论】适度增氧可促进水稻根系形态建成,增加植株干物质量和氮素积累,提高水稻氮素利用效率和籽粒产量;低氧和高氧胁迫均会抑制不同生态型水稻品种根系活性,降低水稻植株氮素吸收,且旱稻对氧胁迫的耐逆性强于水稻和深水稻。     

Nocardia seriolae infection in the three striped tigerfish, Terapon jarbua (Forsskål)

An epizootic in pond cultured three striped tigerfish, Terapon jarbua , in Taiwan was caused by Nocardia seriolae . Diseased fish first showed clinical signs and mortalities in February and March 2003. The cumulative mortality within 2 months was 2.4% (1200 of 50 000) and affected fish were 7 months old with total lengths from 18 to 25 cm. Most affected fish were pale and lethargic with haemorrhages and ulcers on the skin. The most significant gross pathological changes were varying degrees of ascites and enlargement of the spleen, kidney and liver. Obvious white nodules, varying in size, were found in these organs. Bacteria were either coccal or filamentous in appearance, with bead-like forms. Isolates from diseased fish were characterized using the API ZYM (Analytical profile index; Bio Mérieux, France) systems and conventional tests and identified as Nocardia sp. The isolate was designated NS127 and was confirmed as N. seriolae by a polymerase chain reaction assay that gave the expected specific 432 bp amplicon. In addition, its 16S rDNA sequence gave 100% sequence identity with N. seriolae . A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, heat shock protein gene and RNA polymerase gene (rpo B) of NS127 and the type strain of N. seriolae BCRC 13745 formed a monophyletic clade with a high sequence similarity and bootstrap value of 99.9%. White nodules induced in experimental fish were similar to naturally infected cases and N. seriolae was re-isolated on brain heart infusion agar. This is the first report of N. seriolae -infection in three striped tigerfish in aquaculture.     

The sex-ratio reversal of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in the Kaoping River of Taiwan: The effect of cultured eels and its implication

The sex ratio of wild Japanese eels in the Kaoping River of southwestern Taiwan has been extremely skewed towards females in the recent years. However, the sex ratio skewed towards males after Typhoon Mindulle, July 2, 2004 then recovered to the previous female-dominated status in the following year. To determine why the sex ratio drastically changed, eels captured in the river were examined by both morphologic characteristics and otolith elemental signatures by solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SB-ICPMS) and laser-ablation ICPMS (LA-ICPMS). Most of the eels collected in the river after the typhoon had a blue-gray colored back, with morphology and sex ratio similar to that of cultured eels, which differed from wild yellow eels which had a green colored back. The chemical signature in otoliths of eels with a blue-gray colored back was similar to that of cultured eels, with significantly lower Sr/Ca ratios but slightly higher Mn/Ca ratios than for wild eels. This confirmed that the reversal in eel sex ratio in the Kaoping River estuary resulted from cultured eels that had escaped from eel farms. Eel farmers estimated that about 30,000 eels escaped during the typhoon, sufficient to reverse the sex ratio of the eels in the river. Furthermore, silver eels caught in the estuary in the winter 2004 were also mostly males. The chemical signature in otoliths of these silver eels was similar to that of escaped cultured eels. Their morphology and mean GSIs, however, were comparable to wild silver eels. Thus, cultured eels that have escaped from eel farms can silver normally in the wild. Consequently, cultured eels may help to balance the sex ratio of the wild eel population and may contribute to the spawning stock of Japanese eel.     

渐开线少齿差内啮合齿轮副几何设计研究

在不同内啮合副几何计算基础上,分析了不同加工方法(包括滚齿、插齿和线切割等)、顶隙时少齿差内啮合齿轮副几何计算方法和适用性。研究了不同齿顶圆直径对少齿差内啮合齿轮副变位系数、啮合角、重合度和齿廓干涉等参数的影响。在满足重合度和齿廓干涉限制条件下,使用牛顿迭代法和不同齿顶圆公式,获得少齿差内啮合齿轮副最小啮合角的变位系数和啮合角。计算表明：在满足重合度和齿廓干涉限制条件下取得最小啮合角时,无论采用滚齿还是插齿加工,顶隙混合制时少齿差内啮合齿轮副的啮合角和变位系数均较小。