低温条件下组合式生态浮床系统净化微污染水体的特性研究

为研究低温对生态浮床水质净化效果的影响,引入陶粒作为浮床的基质,构筑了美人蕉-陶粒基质组合式生态浮床系统,研究在低温条件下其对微污染水体水质净化的效果特性。结果表明,在进水温度为0.5~15℃,进水DO浓度为4.94~6.65mg/L,水体交换时间为7d下,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的平均去除率为36.30%、77.37%、50.34%、52.56%、16.89%和70.99%。当水体的温度低于5.0℃,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的去除效果均有所下降。     

Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

Study on Length Polymorphism of KAP1 Family Genes in Yak (Bos gurnniens)

This study was aimed to understand the characteristics of length polymorphism with repeat sequence of keratin associated protein 1 (KAP1) family genes in yak. KAP1 family genes of yak and cattle were sequenced, and compared with sheep KAP1 family gene sequences. The results showed that cattle KAP1 family genes were located in chromosome 19, according to location of sheep KAP1 family genes in the chromosome and similarity with cattle KAP1 family genes, renaming the cattle KAP1 family (according to the gene location of chromosome) B2D, B2A, KAP1-1 and B2C genes into KAP1-4, KAP1-1, KAP1-2 and KAP1-3 gene, respectively. KAP1 family genes in the 3'and 5' flank were highly conserved, the difference between family genes mainly in the the repeat sequence region, which yak KAP1 to KAP4 genes were found 30 bp length polymorphism. There were B(CCQTS)A₁(CCQPT) repeat sequence and a new repeat sequence C(SIQTS). The results indicated that the repeat sequence was the key of the polymorphism of KAP1 family genes, which might be relate to combination with keratin protein.     

东北地区奶牛乳房炎表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的分子流行病学及耐药性研究

为调查表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌在东北地区的流行病学情况和耐药性,本研究对来自东北地区3个大型奶牛场采集的330份奶样进行葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及其耐药表型的检测,并采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行分离株的亲缘性分析,对表皮葡萄球菌进行多位点序列分型(MLST),同时应用PCR扩增分离株中携带的相关耐药基因。研究结果表明,在330份奶样中共分离到表皮葡萄球菌32株(9.7%),腐生葡萄球菌34株(10.3%);PFGE分析共获得9种不同谱型的表皮葡萄球菌和11种不同谱型的腐生葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示,两种菌对青霉素(70%)、苯唑西林(60%)和林克霉素(55%)的耐药率较高,主要耐药基因为lnu(B)(40%)、erm(B)(30%)和mec A(25%)。本研究结果揭示了东北地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的耐药谱和流行情况,为临床合理用药及奶牛乳房炎的防控提供了实验依据。     

沼肥施用对桃树缩叶病的防治效果

以桃树为供试材料,研究了不同沼液稀释浓度对其缩叶病的防治效果。结果表明:喷施沼液组较对照(CK)均可不同程度降低桃树缩叶病的发生。其中以沼液稀释倍数为1/8处理的效果最好,于第3次喷施后7d,病叶率由50%降低至8%,枝条新叶平均增加5片,枝条生长了4cm,均高于其它处理;其次为沼液稀释倍数为1/4和1/16的处理,病叶率分别由45%降低至10%和52%降低至15%。     

不同处理方法对小松菜冻藏期保鲜品质的影响

以新鲜小松菜为试材,采用小苏打复合液、乙酸锌复合液2种不同保绿途径对其冻藏前进行烫漂处理,并对小松菜钙、钠、锌元素含量进行测定,比较了2种不同前处理消解方法精确性,研究了不同处理方法对冻藏期小松菜相关品质指标的影响。结果表明:2种保绿途径均显著延缓了小松菜总叶绿素含量的损失(P0.05),不同程度增加了样品中钙、钠、锌离子含量,其中金属离子保绿途径的乙酸锌复合液处理样品的锌离子残留量超标,相比而言,碱保绿途径的小苏打复合液处理对冻藏期小松菜相关元素残留安全性及护绿效果较好,处理时应避免长时间、高温烫漂对产品硬脆度的破坏而抵消复合液中钙离子的保脆效应。     

我国黑果枸杞研究进展

黑果枸杞集药用价值、经济价值、生态价值于一体,开发应用潜力巨大。现从资源分布、栽培育种、化学成分、遗传学及产品加工等方面,对近年来我国黑果枸杞研究进行了综述,以期为黑果枸杞的进一步开发和利用提供参考依据。     

园林绿地刺吸害虫及其天敌时序动态及发生规律的研究

为有效保护园林绿地中的自然天敌,以园林植物刺吸害虫及其天敌为调查对象,采用黄板诱集法,研究了园林绿地刺吸害虫及其天敌时序动态及发生规律。结果表明:绿地中京枫多态毛蚜(Periphyllus diacerivorus)、栾多态毛蚜(P.koelreuteria)、居松长足大蚜(Cinara pinihabitans)和白皮松长足大蚜(C.bungeanae)的发生期早于桃粉大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundimis),且5种蚜虫种群均在夏季高温和天敌共同作用下崩溃;瓢虫和寄生蜂类天敌对碧桃(Pruns perscial f.duplex)上桃粉大尾蚜及捕食螨对碧桃上山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensis)的跟随效应明显,而天敌对其它4种植物上蚜虫无明显跟随效应;施药虽可暂时降低阔叶植物上3种蚜虫的种群数量,却大量杀伤了害虫的天敌,停药后3种蚜虫仍爆发成灾,同时使6月后碧桃上山楂叶螨种群爆发和5月中旬后油松(Pinus tabuliformis)上针叶小爪螨(Oligonychus ununguis)种群数量较多。绿地中瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇和寄生蜂类天敌的发生最高峰均位于5月下旬至6月下旬,除草蛉外,绿地中的瓢虫、食蚜蝇和寄生蜂类天敌在7—8月种群数量均极低。草蛉喜欢在五角枫(Acer mono)上栖息或搜寻寄主。     

设施富营养化土壤平衡施肥技术研究

以连年栽种作物的设施大棚土壤为研究对象,采用目标产量法,研究了富营养条件下设施土壤的平衡施肥方法。结果表明:对于设施富营养化土壤种植黄瓜肥料利用率氮肥为29.3%,磷肥为-9.6%,钾肥为35.4%;种植番茄肥料利用率氮肥为32.6%,磷肥为30.69%,钾肥为56.99%;种植菜豆肥料利用率氮肥为-2.4%,磷肥为-35.8%,钾肥为-7.97%,除番茄外,富营养化地区种植使用磷肥几乎没有增产效果。同时通过试验确定了富营养化设施土壤栽培黄瓜、番茄、菜豆的N、K施肥量上限及施肥比例:黄瓜667m~2最大施肥量32.1kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;番茄667m~2最大施肥量27.0kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;菜豆667m~2最大施肥量17.4kg,N、K比例为1∶1。在富营养化设施土壤栽培中推广平衡施肥技术,能够很好地提高产量,节约肥料用量,增加经济效益。     

管理措施对三江源区"黑土滩"土壤肥力及土壤酶活性的影响

对三江源区典型退化草地“黑土滩”采取施肥及种植垂穗披碱草的恢复措施,结果表明,土壤中的全氮与有机质的相关性显著,全磷与有机质的相关性较明显,变化趋势相一致。短期的恢复措施造成了恢复样地20~30 cm土壤层中有机质、全氮和全磷含量的下降,长期的恢复措施使恢复样地中的这3种营养物质的含量得到了上升;人工种植措施使土壤中的全钾含量显著下降(P<0.05)。此外,速效养分的变化不一致,其中速效氮的含量表现为先降低后升高,速效磷和速效钾的含量变化表现出升高趋势。植被恢复对土壤脲酶活性有促进作用,但蔗糖酶活性没表现出规律性变化;这2种酶的活性与速效养分的含量表现出较强的正相关,而与有机质和全价养分的含量相关性不显著。